TABLE 1.

Summary of major algorithms used for signal detection.

Algorithms	Equation a	Criteria
ROR	$\text{ROR}=\left(\text{a/b}\right)\text{/}\left(\text{c/d}\right)$	95% CI > 1, N ≥ 2
	${95\text{\%CI}=\text{e}}^{\text{ln}\left(\text{ROR}\right)\text{±}1\text{.}96\left(1\text{/a}+1\text{/b}+1\text{/c}+1\text{/d}\right)\text{^0}\text{.}5}$
PRR	$\text{PRR}=\left(\text{a/}\left(\text{a}+\text{c}\right)\right)\text{/}\left(\text{b/}\left(\text{b}+\text{d}\right)\right)$	PRR≥2, χ2 ≥ 4, N ≥ 3
	${\chi }^2=\sum \left({\left(\text{O}-\text{E}\right)}^2\text{/E}\right)\text{; }\left(\text{O}=\text{a, E}=\left(\text{a}+\text{b}\right)\left(\text{a}+\text{c}\right)\text{/}\left(\text{a}+\text{b}+\text{c}+\text{d}\right)\right)$
BCPNN	${\text{IC}=\text{log}}_2\text{a}\left(\text{a}+\text{b}+\text{c}+\text{d}\right)\text{/}\left(\left(\text{a}+\text{c}\right)\left(\text{a}+\text{b}\right)\right)$	IC025 > 0
	${\text{IC}025=\text{e}}^{\text{ln}\left(\text{IC}\right)-1\text{.}96\left(1\text{/a}+1\text{/b}+1\text{/c}+1\text{/d}\right)\text{^0}\text{.}5}$
MGPS	$\text{EBGM}=\text{a}\left(\text{a}+\text{b}+\text{c}+\text{d}\right)\text{/}\left(\left(\text{a}+\text{c}\right)\left(\text{a}+\text{b}\right)\right)$	EB05 ≥ 2, N > 0
	${\text{EB}05=\text{e}}^{\text{ln}\left(\text{EBGM}\right)-1\text{.}64\left(1\text{/a}+1\text{/b}+1\text{/c}+1\text{/d}\right)\text{^0}\text{.}5}$

^aa: number of reports containing both the suspect drug and the suspect adverse drug reaction. b: number of reports containing the suspect adverse drug reaction with other medications (except the drug of interest). c: number of reports containing the suspect drug with other adverse drug reactions (except the event of interest). d: number of reports containing other medications and other adverse drug reactions. Abbreviations: ROR, reporting odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; N, the number of co-occurrences; PRR, proportional reporting ratio; χ², chi-squared; BCPNN, Bayesian confidence propagation neural network; IC, information component; IC025, the lower limit of the 95% two-sided CI, of the IC; MGPS, multi-item gamma Poisson shrinker; EBGM, empirical Bayesian geometric mean; EB05, the lower 90% one-sided CI of EBGM.