Table 1.

List of included studies.

No	References	Study population (country)	Continent/region	Sample size	Seroprevalence (%) /HBV marker	Knowledge/ Awareness findings
1	Djeriri et al. (31)	Morocco	Africa	276	1.0 (HBsAg)	Awareness: Overall good awareness. 95% aware the complications of chronic Hepatitis B, 68% aware Hepatitis could be fatal, 100% aware HBV can be transmitted by blood transfusion, 85% aware HBV transmitted by sexually transmitted disease and 97% by vertical transmission. 93% aware condom as an effective for prevention, 87% aware washing hands prevent HBV transmission and 96% aware the use of disposal gloves to prevent Hepatitis B
2	Shao et al. (32)	Tanzania	Africa	442	5.7 (HBsAg)	Knowledge: Overall average knowledge. Quarter (25.4%) had good knowledge and about half (49.6%) had fair knowledge about HBV infection. Most of the participants (85.9%) correctly identified that HBV is more contagious than HIV, while (91.3%) knew that there is effective and safe hepatitis B vaccine. Knowledge questions: HBV transmit via sexual intercourse and partner, known as blood-borne pathogen via accidental exposure to blood and its product, needle stick, broken skin, mucous membrane, infected blood, oral-fecal route, mom to fetus, immunoglobulin, and vaccine. Awareness: Overall poor awareness. 17.9% of participants were aware, unprotected sex with multiple partners was the risks for HBV infection.
3	Hebo et al. (33)	Ethiopia	Africa	240	4.4 (HBsAg)	Knowledge: Overall good knowledge on the virus (73.9%) including the transmission and the treatment. 26.1% had average knowledge
4	Desalegn and Selsassie (34)	Ethiopia	Africa	254	2.4 (HBsAg)	Knowledge: Overall good knowledge of universal precautions (UPs). 52.4% consistent use of gloves was reported by of the respondents, 61.0% concerning needle stick injury (NSI) and from other sharp injury and 50.0% had a history of NSI and sharp injury. 80.7% and 42.5% of HCWs knew about universal precaution guideline and were trained on infection prevention, respectively.
5	Anagaw et al. (35)	Ethiopia	Africa	100	6.0 (HBsAg)	Awareness: Overall good awareness. Aware on the viral hepatitis transmission via sexual contact, sharing special tools (i.e., eye goggle, thick gloves, protective gown, tooth brushes, shaving razor, etc.) and intravenous drug abuse.
6	Abiola et al. (10)	Nigeria	Africa	134	1.5 (HBsAg)	Knowledge: Overall good knowledge (56.7%) and 43.3% with average knowledge
7	Ngekeng et al. (36)	Nigeria	Africa	188	5.0 (HBsAg)	Knowledge: Overall average knowledge. 58.72% had good knowledge and 41.28% had poor knowledge. Average knowledge on the HBV transmission (66.9%) and good knowledge (80.0%) know HBV cause liver disease
8	Osagiede et al. (20)	Nigeria	Africa	280	1.4 (HBsAg)	Knowledge: Overall average knowledge. 32.5% had poor, 20% had average and 47.5% have good knowledge. Awareness: Overall good awareness with 86.4% aware about HBV.
9	Ijoma et al. (37)	Nigeria	Africa	3,123	2.3 (HBsAg)	Knowledge: Overall good knowledge on HBV infection (97.0%) and 68.1% correctly identify risk factors and transmission. Poor knowledge on sexual intercourse and sharp objects
10	Ogundele et al. (14)	Nigeria	Africa	209	6.7 (HBsAg)	Knowledge: Overall adequate knowledge with 61.7% had adequate knowledge while 38.3% had poor knowledge range. The knowledge score was only significantly associated with work duration (p = 0.018). 89% of the participants ever heard of HBV prior to the study. Awareness: Overall good awareness with 83.7% were aware that HBV is contagious, only 125(59.8%) described it as a lethal disease
11	Oladokun et al. (38)	Nigeria	Africa	140	5 (HBsAg)	Knowledge: Overall good knowledge of the infection though some have had needle stick injury (12.14%) Awareness: Overall good awareness. Aware of the infection (92.86%) and its modes of transmission (72.86%).
12	Muhammad et al. (39)	Nigeria	Africa	283	6.0 (HBsAg)	Knowledge: Overall adequate knowledge with 58.3% had knowledge on HBV and 41.7% with poor knowledge Awareness: Overall good awareness with high awareness level observed in individuals wearing hand gloves. However, 70.1% do not recap needles after the injection
13	Amiwero et al. (40)	Nigeria	Africa	248	1.3 (HBsAg)	Awareness: Overall good awareness with 70.6% aware of various types of hepatitis and suggested that awareness increased with the increased of education level.
14	Mbaawuaga et al. (41)	Nigeria	Africa	255	10.6 (HBsAg)	Awareness: Overall good awareness with 79.6% had awareness about HBV infection.
15	Akazong et al. (42)	Cameroon	Africa	395	10.6 (HBsAg)	Knowledge: Overall average knowledge. 32.4% had poor knowledge while 67.6% had average knowledge
16	Rodrigue et al. (43)	Cameroon	Africa	171	7.0 (HBsAg)	Knowledge: Overall, good knowledge. 94.7% had good knowledge and 5.3% had poor knowledge. Good knowledge with 93% know it's come from virus. Most of HCWs believed HBV cause by sexual intercourse (96.5%), scarifications (34.5%) and blood exposure (19.3%)
17	Tatsilong et al. (44)	Cameroon	Africa	100	11.0 (HBsAg)	Knowledge: Overall had average knowledge. 47% had good knowledge in HBV mostly in men (3.2 times than women). Higher education, knowledge on the present of HB vaccine, needle injury, knowing the mode of HBV transmitted are named as a contribution factor to higher knowledge of HBV.
18	Qin et al. (45)	Sierra Leone	Africa	211	10.0 (HBsAg)	Knowledge: Overall average knowledge with 29.0% had poor knowledge on transmission, preventive HBV measure (44.1%). Longer working experience is associated with greater knowledge & medical doctor. Awareness: Overall poor awareness with 77.3% not aware about HBV clinical outcome.
19	Massaquoi et al. (46)	Sierra Leone	Africa	446	8.7 (HBsAg)	Knowledge: Overall good knowledge with 90.4% of participants were aware that hepatitis B could cause liver cancer. About 96.9% healthcare workers were concerned about their risk of hepatitis B at work
20	Mangkara et al. (47)	Laos	Asia	317	5.0 (HBsAg)	Knowledge: Overall poor knowledge with 20% of dentists and 45% of assistants were unaware that HBV can be transmitted by blood. 8.2% of the dentists and 18.1% of assistants were not familiar or did not recognize serology as a way to test for Hepatitis B infection.
21	Nguyen et al. (48)	Vietnam	Asia	203	9.8 (HBsAg)	Knowledge: Overall good knowledge on the mode of HBV transmission. Majority believed that asymptomatic people can have chronic HBV or HCV infection (89%) and that HBV-HCV are lifelong infections which can cause liver cancer (95%) and can be lethal (86%). Physicians exhibit better knowledge than nurses or midwives and other HCWs.
22	Ptil et al. (49)	India	Asia	555	0.2 (HBsAg)	Awareness: Overall good awareness, with 98% aware of health consequences of HBV accidental exposure (needle prick and post exposure prophylaxis) and concerned about follow up
23	Aziz et al. (52)	India	Asia	250	2.4 (HBsAg)	Knowledge: Overall good knowledge with 90% know HBV can be transmission in hospital, needle stick (62%), sexual (59%), vertical (71%), hand washing (13%), precaution to avoid needle stick injury (23%), wear gloves (30%), proper vaccine (14%), regular screen (10%), no knowledge (1%). About quarter of them had needle stick injury during hospital job but few were tested against it. Less than half of them were previously vaccinated for HBV but majority of them knew about the risk of transmission of HBV, HCV and I-IIV during hospital job.
24	Memon et al. (51)	Pakistan	Asia	923	4.7 (HBsAg)	Knowledge: Overall poor knowledge regarding the importance of HBV prevention, 20%
25	Alqahtani et al. (50)	Saudi Arabia	Asia	300	8.7 (HBsAg)	Knowledge: Overall average knowledge observed among HCWs regarding occupationally transmitted blood-borne diseases, safe injection practices, and standard precautions to prevent occupationally transmitted blood-borne infections. Awareness: Overall good awareness with 99.0% of HCWs were aware of all blood-borne diseases, 53.0% felt all safe injection practices that may protect them and 72.6% said all standard isolation precautions to prevent occupationally transmitted blood-borne infections.