Table 2. Biochemical metabolic parameters in water control group (water + saline), HFD control group rats (HFD + saline), NTG-injected rats (water + NTG), and HFD NTG-injected rats (HFD + NTG), with or without n-3 supplementation (water + n-3; HFD + n-3; n-3 + NTG; HFD + n-3 + NTG).
| Biochemical parameters | Water | HFD | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Saline (P value) | NTG (P value) | n-3 (P value) | n-3 + NTG (P value) | Saline (P value) | NTG (P value) | n-3 (P value) | n-3 + NTG (P value) |
||
| Glycemia (mg/dL) | 152.0±11.0 (P=0.055) | 144.0±9.0 | 157.0±13.0 (P=0.09) | 131.0±7.0 (P=0.09, P=0.08) | 180.5±10.5f (P=0.055) | 150.5±9.0f | 156.0±9.0 | 157.0±13.5 (P=0.08) | |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 61.0±9.0 | 74.8±15.0 | 48.7±7.0 | 55.0±7.0 | 84.0±11.4 (P=0.07) | 55.0±12.0 (P=0.07) | 71.0±11.0 | 74.4±12.0 | |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 82.0±8.0a,b,c | 55.7±8.5b,e | 47.4±8.0c | 38.0±7.0e | 63.0±3.6a (P=0.054) | 61.0±3.5i | 46.0±2.0 (P=0.054) | 43.5±3.4i | |
| HDL (mg/dL) | 59.0±5.2b,c | 32.4±8.0b (P=0.051) | 38.6±2.4c,d | 20.0±4.5d (P=0.051) | 47.0±5.6 | 39.0±1.4i | 35.0±2.0 | 26.0±1.5i | |
| Non–HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 23.6±3.0 | 21.6±3.0 | 15.0±4.4 | 18.0±3.0 | 16.6±4.0 | 22.0±2.4 | 11.0±2.0 | 18.0±3.0 | |
Data are presented as means ± SEM of 10 to 12 rats per group for glycemia, 5 to 6 rats per group for triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL and non-HDL cholesterol (one-way ANOVA followed by uncorrected Fisher’s LSD’s post hoc; or Kruskal-Wallis followed by uncorrected Dunn’s post hoc test). a, P<0.05 water + saline vs. HFD + saline; b, P<0.05 water + saline vs. water + NTG; c, P<0.05 water + saline vs. water + n-3; d, P<0.05 water + n–3 vs. water + n-3 + NTG; e, water + NTG vs. water + n-3 + NTG; f, P<0.05 HFD + saline vs. HFD + NTG; i, P<0.05 HFD + NTG vs. HFD + n-3 + NTG; P=0.09 for water + n-3 vs. water + n-3 + NTG, P=0.08 for water + n-3 + NTG vs. HFD + n-3 + NTG. NTG, nitroglycerin; HFD, high fructose diet; SEM, standard error of the mean.