Table 2.

Anti-beta-adrenergic antibody levels and echocardiographic parameters of controls (CTRL) and myocarditis (MYC) patients in different age groups.

	Age group <1 year			Age group 1–5 years			Age group >5–17 years
	MYC group n = 4	CTRL group n = 3	p -value	MYC group n = 3	CTRL group n = 15	p -value	MYC group n = 15	CTRL group n = 10	p -value
Gender, male	0 (0)	1 (33)	0.429	3 (100)	5 (33)	0.069	12 (71)	5 (28)	0.111
Age (years)	0.4 (0.2–0.7)	0.0*	0.057	3.2*	4.0 (3.0–5.0)	0.426	15.6 (11.9–16.9)	10.5 (6.0–17.0)	0.015
Echocardiography
Z-score LVIDd (mm)	6.0 (1.5–7.9)	−1.0*	0.057	6.2*	−0.7 (−1.6-0.3)	0.005	0.5 (−0.4–2.4)	−1.1 (-3.1–0.9)	0.071
LVEF (%)	25.5 (14.3–36.8)	72.0*	0.057	22.0*	65.0 (57.5–73.0)	0.004	57.0 (50.0–61.0)	59.5 (57.0–68.5)	0.071
Antibody levels
Anti-β1-AR Ab (U/ml)	3.6 (1.0–13.2)	1.9*	0.857	8.3*	5.5 (4.3–10.8)	0.498	8.2 (4.5–29.8)	4.5 (3.8–6.3)	0.071
Anti-β2-AR Ab (U/ml)	1.7 (0.7–6.1)	2.7*	0.629	6.6*	3.6 (2.6–5.5)	0.130	6.2 (2.9–22.7)	3.8 (2.6–4.5)	0.080
Anti-β3-AR Ab (U/ml)	1.2 (1.0–5.8)	4.5*	0.400	7.2*	3.5 (3.0–5.3)	0.076	6.6 (3.4–19.4)	3.3 (2.4–4.5)	0.014
EMB
Acute myocarditis	1 (25)	n.a.		2 (67)	n.a.		2 (13)	n.a.
Chronic/healing myocarditis	3 (75)	n.a.		1 (33)	n.a.		12 (80)	n.a.
Healed myocarditis	0 (0)	n.a.		0 (0)	n.a.		1 (7)	n.a.

EMB, endomyocardial biopsy; MYC, patients with biopsy proven inflammatory myocardial disease; CTRL, patients without inflammatory myocardial disease. Values are given as n (%) or median (interquartile range).

^*Only median. Anti-β-AR Ab, anti-beta-adrenergic antibodies; BSA, body surface area; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVIDd, left ventricular internal diastolic diameter. Bold values represents significant values. n.a.; not applicable.