TABLE 2.

Validated genomic binding sites within the human TUBB3 loci.

Element type	Genomic Location (chr 16)	Role	Identified observed in	References
Binding sites
RARE 1a	89,917,926–89,917,910	Promotes expression	Cancer stem-like cells derived from patient Bladder cancer cells	Namekawa et al. (2020)
RARE 2	89,918,166–89,918,182
AP1 binding Site 1	89,921,904–89,921,910	Promotes expression	MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells	Saussede-Aim et al. (2009b)
AP1 binding Site 2	89,921,924–89,921,930
Ybox-9 element a	89,922,380–89,922,356	Promotes expression	A2780, OVCAR-3, SKOV6 and Ov2774 ovarian carcinoma cells	Raspaglio et al. (2014)
YBOX-4 element 1	89,922,975–89,922,982	Promotes expression	H522 non-small cell lung cancer cells	Castillo et al. (2012)
YBOX-4 element 2	89,932,859–89,932,866
Rest1 binding site	89,926,504–89,926,524	Represses expression	HEK293 embryonic kidney cells; HeLa cervical cancer cells	Shibazaki et al. (2012)
Hypoxia response element b	89,935,970–89,935,974	Promotes expression	A2780 ovarian carcinoma cells; GL15 and U87 glioblastoma cells	(Raspaglio et al., 2008; Bordji et al., 2014)
CPG islands
38 CPGS	89,919,506–89,919,948	Role unknown
132 CPGS	89,922,423–89,924,099	Role unclear	OVCAR-3, JHOC-5 and JHOC-8 ovarian carcinoma cells;	Izutsu et al. (2008)
86 CPGS	89,925,728–89,926,552	Potential repressor	OVCAR-3, JHOC-5 and JHOC-8 ovarian carcinoma cells; HMV-I, HMV-II, MM-RU, SK-MEL-28, PM-WK, CRL1579, and G361 melanoma cells; NHEM-M and NHEM-D primary neonatal epidermal melanocytes	(Izutsu et al., 2008; Akasaka et al., 2009)
30 CPGS	89,933,944–89,934,279	Role unknown
80 CPGS	89,934,864–89,935,848	Role unknown
Promoter regions
GH16J089917	89,917,279–89,919,454	MC1R and MC1R-TUBB3 promoter		Fishilevich et al. (2017)
GH16J089920/GH16J08995	89,920,191–89,924,356 & 89,925,193–89,926,602	TUBB3 promoter		Fishilevich et al. (2017)

^aElements are on the minus strand.

^bHRE, is present on both the plus and minus strand.