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. 2022 May 12;20:102. doi: 10.1186/s12915-022-01288-1

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 5. — Decreasing CaMKII α-hM4Di-positive DCN cell activity during noise exposure does not prevent tinnitus-like behavior and abolishes hM4Di-dependent recovery. A Schematic timeline highlighting GPIAS recordings before and after noise exposure. B Schematic outline of Startle and Startle-gap protocols. C Representative GPIAS response. D, E Group results for startle suppression of all frequencies tested before (blue) and after (dark red) noise exposure in the presence of CNO for hM4Di (D) and eYFP (E) injected mice. F, G Left, quantification of most affected frequency of each animal. Right, Inhibition of CaMKII α-hM4Di-positive DCN cells during noise exposure did not prevent a decrease in the startle suppression, indicating tinnitus, and also the second CNO injection before GPIAS recording (in mice receiving CNO 30 min before the noise exposure) did not recover startle suppression (F; p = 0.404). The eYFP injected group showed tinnitus-like behavior after noise exposure with CNO and did not recover the startle suppression after CNO injection upon testing GPIAS (G; p = 0.176). n = 6 and 6 for NE+CNO hM4Di+ and NE+CNO eYFP; *p <0.05