Fig. 2.

Plasma Aβ concentrations in different diagnostic groups. In the current nEV study, 180 subjects (81 Aβ− NCs, 45 Aβ+ NCs, 34 aMCI, and 20 ADD individuals) had previously undergone plasma Aβ₄₀ (A) and Aβ₄₂ (B) quantification. C The ratio of Aβ₄₂ to Aβ₄₀ among the different diagnostic groups. Statistical analysis was conducted using the Kruskal–Wallis H test, followed by multiple post hoc comparisons (adjusted p value). Comparisons among groups: *p < 0.05; ns, > 0.05. Furthermore, a correlation analysis was performed between the Aβ₄₂ to Aβ₄₀ ratio and AV45 SUVR among the different groups (D). The correlation coefficients and p values are listed. Aβ, β-amyloid; NCs, cognitively normal controls; aMCI, amnestic mild cognitive impairment; ADD, Alzheimer’s disease dementia; nEV, neuronal-derived extracellular vesicle; AV45, [¹⁸F]florbetapir; SUVR, standardized uptake value ratio