Table 2.
Baseline Characteristics of LAAO Registry Patients Between 2016–2018 in Mutually-Exclusive Discharge Medication Groupings.
| Characteristic | Warfarin and Aspirin | Warfarin Only | DOAC and Aspirin | DOAC Only | DAPT | P Value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||||||
| N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | ||
|
| |||||||||||
| Overall | 11,811 | 4,330 | 6,649 | 3,948 | 1,614 | ||||||
| Demographics | |||||||||||
| Age, mean (SD), y | 75.95 | (7.84) | 76.03 | (8.17) | 75.85 | (8.10) | 75.92 | (8.31 | 76.63 | (8.45) | 0.0118 |
| Age categories | |||||||||||
| <55 y | 147 | (1.24) | 61 | (1.41) | 84 | (1.26) | 67 | (1.70) | 21 | (1.30) | 0.0029 |
| 55 to 64 y | 704 | (5.96) | 266 | (6.14) | 416 | (6.26) | 241 | (6.10) | 92 | (5.70) | |
| 65 to 74 y | 3,829 | (32.42) | 1,400 | (32.33) | 2,146 | (32.28) | 1,265 | (32.04) | 478 | (29.62) | |
| 75 to 84 y | 5,620 | (47.58) | 1,965 | (45.38) | 3,080 | (46.32) | 1,827 | (46.28) | 751 | (46.53) | |
| ≥85 y | 1,511 | (12.79) | 638 | (14.73) | 923 | (13.88) | 548 | (13.88) | 272 | (16.85) | |
| Sex | |||||||||||
| Male | 7,127 | (60.34) | 2,379 | (54.94) | 3,845 | (57.83) | 2,167 | (54.89) | 969 | (60.04) | <0.0001 |
| Female | 4,680 | (39.62) | 1,950 | (45.03) | 2,802 | (42.14) | 1,776 | (44.98) | 645 | (39.96) | |
| Race | |||||||||||
| White | 10987 | (93.02) | 3985 | (92.03) | 6172 | (92.83) | 3666 | (92.86) | 1450 | (89.84) | <0.0001 |
| Black | 538 | (4.56) | 227 | (5.24) | 283 | (4.26) | 154 | (3.90) | 107 | (6.63) | |
| Hispanic | 40 | (0.34) | 10 | (0.23) | 33 | (0.50) | 10 | (0.25) | 10 | (0.62) | |
| Asian | 157 | (1.33) | 80 | (1.85) | 110 | (1.65) | 82 | (2.08) | 35 | (2.17) | |
| American Indian/Alaskan Native | 31 | (0.26) | 15 | (0.35) | 18 | (0.27) | 7 | (0.18) | 3 | (0.19) | |
| Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander | 17 | (0.14) | 5 | (0.12) | 6 | (0.09) | 7 | (0.18) | 4 | (0.25) | |
| Other | 41 | (0.35) | 8 | (0.18) | 27 | (0.41) | 22 | (0.56) | 5 | (0.31) | |
| Primary insurance payer | |||||||||||
| Medicare/Medicaid | 10374 | (87.83) | 3738 | (86.33) | 5762 | (86.66) | 3383 | (85.69) | 1427 | (88.41) | 0.0031 |
| Private health insurance | 1281 | (10.85) | 526 | (12.15) | 808 | (12.15) | 499 | (12.64) | 163 | (10.10) | |
| Other | 156 | (1.32) | 66 | (1.52) | 79 | (1.19) | 66 | (1.67) | 24 | (1.49) | |
| CHA2DS2- VASC score, mean ± SD | 4.57 | (1.45) | 4.50 | (1.47) | 4.49 | (1.46) | 4.45 | (1.45) | 4.67 | (1.49) | <.0001 |
| Congestive heart failure | 4504 | (38.13) | 1682 | (38.85) | 2253 | (33.88) | 1278 | (32.37) | 594 | (36.80) | <0.0001 |
| Congestive heart failure class | |||||||||||
| NYHA class I | 1022 | (8.65) | 418 | (9.65) | 601 | (9.04) | 342 | (8.66) | 132 | (8.18) | <0.0001 |
| NYHA class II | 2152 | (18.22) | 770 | (17.78) | 1046 | (15.73) | 558 | (14.13) | 254 | (15.74) | |
| NYHA class III | 976 | (8.26) | 343 | (7.92) | 445 | (6.69) | 258 | (6.53) | 144 | (8.92) | |
| NYHA class IV | 50 | (0.42) | 32 | (0.74) | 27 | (0.41) | 22 | (0.56) | 9 | (0.56) | |
| Hypertension | 10963 | (92.82) | 3952 | (91.27) | 6132 | (92.22) | 3619 | (91.67) | 1470 | (91.08) | 0.0022 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 4672 | (39.56) | 1636 | (37.78) | 2357 | (35.45) | 1354 | (34.30) | 602 | (37.30) | <0.0001 |
| Prior transient ischemic attack | 1685 | (14.27) | 604 | (13.95) | 955 | (14.36) | 624 | (15.81) | 233 | (14.44) | <0.0001 |
| Prior thromboembolic event | 2131 | (18.04) | 733 | (16.93) | 1300 | (19.55) | 748 | (18.95) | 319 | (19.76) | <0.0001 |
| Vascular disease | 5084 | (43.04) | 1572 | (36.30) | 2773 | (41.71) | 1457 | (36.90) | 734 | (45.48) | <0.0001 |
| Prior myocardial infarction | 2527 | (21.40) | 632 | (14.60) | 1316 | (19.79) | 544 | (13.78) | 355 | (22.00) | <0.0001 |
| Peripheral arterial disease | 1760 | (14.90) | 561 | (12.96) | 935 | (14.06) | 432 | (10.94) | 227 | (14.06) | <0.0001 |
| Known aortic plaque | 538 | (4.56) | 184 | (4.25) | 261 | (3.93) | 151 | (3.82) | 63 | (3.90) | <0.0001 |
| HAS-BLED score, mean (SD) | 2.99 | (1.13) | 3.13 | (1.12) | 2.85 | (1.13) | 2.93 | (1.12) | 2.75 | (1.14) | <0.0001 |
| Uncontrolled hypertension | 2882 | (24.40) | 1204 | (27.81) | 1778 | (26.74) | 1106 | (28.01) | 386 | (23.92) | 0.0003 |
| Abnormal renal function | 1714 | (14.51) | 593 | (13.70) | 695 | (10.45) | 467 | (11.83) | 283 | (17.53) | <0.0001 |
| Abnormal liver function | 374 | (3.17) | 165 | (3.81) | 203 | (3.05) | 114 | (2.89) | 48 | (2.97) | 0.0073 |
| Prior stroke | 3210 | (27.18) | 1114 | (25.73) | 1793 | (26.97) | 1096 | (27.76) | 511 | (31.66) | 0.0014 |
| Ischemic | 1760 | (14.90) | 559 | (12.91) | 1082 | (16.27) | 631 | (15.98) | 252 | (15.61) | <0.0001 |
| Hemorrhagic | 884 | (7.48) | 340 | (7.85) | 409 | (6.15) | 303 | (7.67) | 195 | (12.08) | <0.0001 |
| Undetermined | 740 | (6.27) | 256 | (5.91) | 395 | (5.94) | 236 | (5.98) | 87 | (5.39) | 0.0005 |
| Prior bleeding | 8522 | (72.15) | 3045 | (70.32) | 4329 | (65.11) | 2684 | (67.98) | 1291 | (79.99) | <0.0001 |
| Labile INR | 1849 | (15.65) | 706 | (16.30) | 507 | (7.63) | 246 | (6.23) | 98 | (6.07) | <0.0001 |
| Alcohol use | 626 | (5.30) | 238 | (5.50) | 395 | (5.94) | 269 | (6.81) | 74 | (4.58) | <0.0001 |
| Antiplatelet medication use | 3265 | (27.64) | 800 | (18.48) | 1709 | (25.70) | 715 | (18.11) | 596 | (36.93) | <0.0001 |
| Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use | 4279 | (36.23) | 645 | (14.90) | 2358 | (35.46) | 654 | (16.57) | 632 | (39.16) | <0.0001 |
| Other history and risk factors | |||||||||||
| Clinically-relevant prior bleeding | 8461 | (71.64) | 3063 | (70.74) | 4219 | (63.45) | 2674 | (67.73) | 1328 | (82.28) | <0.0001 |
| Intracranial | 1440 | (12.19) | 518 | (11.96) | 699 | (10.51) | 487 | (12.34) | 311 | (19.27) | <0.0001 |
| Epistaxis | 747 | (6.32) | 269 | (6.21) | 423 | (6.36) | 241 | (6.10) | 90 | (5.58) | <0.0001 |
| Gastrointestinal | 5186 | (43.91) | 1910 | (44.11) | 2438 | (36.67) | 1548 | (39.21) | 748 | (46.34) | <0.0001 |
| Other | 1809 | (15.32) | 599 | (13.83) | 998 | (15.01) | 604 | (15.30) | 279 | (17.29) | <0.0001 |
| Fall risk | 4515 | (38.23) | 1757 | (40.58) | 2632 | (39.58) | 1626 | (41.19) | 641 | (39.71) | <0.0001 |
| Genetic coagulopathy | 92 | (0.78) | 41 | (0.95) | 36 | (0.54) | 33 | (0.84) | 13 | (0.81) | <0.0001 |
| Cardiomyopathy | 2574 | (21.79) | 907 | (20.95) | 1350 | (20.30) | 685 | (17.35) | 321 | (19.89) | <0.0001 |
| Ischemic | 1321 | (11.18) | 382 | (8.82) | 655 | (9.85) | 281 | (7.12) | 196 | (12.14) | <0.0001 |
| Nonischemic | 907 | (7.68) | 374 | (8.64) | 484 | (7.28) | 298 | (7.55) | 96 | (5.95) | <0.0001 |
| Chronic lung disease | 2522 | (21.35) | 902 | (20.83) | 1320 | (19.85) | 745 | (18.87) | 388 | (24.04) | <0.0001 |
| Coronary artery disease | 5738 | (48.58) | 1668 | (38.52) | 3009 | (45.25) | 1470 | (37.23) | 866 | (53.66) | <0.0001 |
| Sleep apnea | 3261 | (27.61) | 1124 | (25.96) | 1689 | (25.40) | 931 | (23.58) | 365 | (22.61) | <0.0001 |
| Arrhythmia history | |||||||||||
| Atrial fibrillation type | |||||||||||
| Paroxysmal | 6044 | (51.17) | 2140 | (49.42) | 3635 | (54.67) | 2016 | (51.06) | 836 | (51.80) | <0.0001 |
| Persistent (>7 d) | 2317 | (19.62) | 907 | (20.95) | 1468 | (22.08) | 964 | (24.42) | 334 | (20.69) | |
| Long-standing persistent (>1 year) | 1206 | (10.21) | 515 | (11.89) | 541 | (8.14) | 365 | (9.25) | 152 | (9.42) | |
| Permanent | 2205 | (18.67) | 755 | (17.44) | 988 | (14.86) | 582 | (14.74) | 281 | (17.41) | |
| Atrial flutter | 1615 | (13.67) | 593 | (13.70) | 1011 | (15.21) | 561 | (14.21) | 178 | (11.03) | 0.0005 |
INR = International Normalized Ratio; NYHA = New York Heart Association. Other abbreviations as in Table 1.