TABLE 3.
Concentrations of individual phytochemicals identified in olive leaves.
| Compounds | Nevadillo fino |
Canino |
Huaou5 |
I79 |
||||||||
| Fr | HD | FD | Fr | HD | FD | Fr | HD | FD | Fr | HD | FD | |
| Hydroxytyrosol | 138.59 ± 6.85h |
303.84 ± 1.96f |
496.45 ± 12.20d |
66.82 ± 0.76i |
267.78 ± 8.00g |
879.33 ± 34.94b |
72.41 ± 2.70i |
370.34 ± 2.84e |
1,489.16 ± 1.41a |
114.30 ± 3.68h |
367.41 ± 0.60e |
756.65 ± 4.03c |
| Hydroxytyrosol 4-O-glucoside | ND | ND | ND | ND | 54.23 ± 10.28b |
110.16 ± 6.85a |
ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| Total phenylethanoids | 138.59 ± 6.85g |
303.84 ± 1.96f |
496.45 ± 12.20d |
66.82 ± 0.76h |
322.01 ± 18.28f |
989.49 ± 28.09b |
72.41 ± 2.70h |
370.34 ± 2.84e |
1,489.16 ± 1.41a |
114.3 ± 3.68g |
367.41 ± 0.60e |
756.65 ± 4.03c |
| Esculin | 1.83 ± 0.04g |
13.65 ± 0.11c |
15.32 ± 0.38b |
0.70 ± 0.03h |
15.16 ± 0.57b |
5.47 ± 0.02e |
1.33 ± 0.17gh |
4.04 ± 0.09f |
20.42 ± 0.26a |
1.01 ± 0.05h |
20.91 ± 0.13a |
7.49 ± 0.20d |
| Coumarin | 5.04 ± 0.39g |
16.08 ± 0.90b |
14.91 ± 0.29bc |
8.19 ± 0.65f |
13.16 ± 0.68de |
11.07 ± 1.07e |
4.89 ± 0.79g |
19.92 ± 0.23a |
12.99 ± 0.94d |
4.02 ± 0.08g |
14.97 ± 0.51bc |
8.42 ± 0.15f |
| Total coumarins | 6.88 ± 0.43fg |
29.73 ± 1.01c |
30.23 ± 0.67c |
8.88 ± 0.68f |
28.31 ± 1.26c |
16.54 ± 1.09e |
6.22 ± 0.96g |
23.95 ± 0.15d |
33.40 ± 1.2b |
5.03 ± 0.03g |
35.88 ± 0.39a |
15.9 ± 0.35e |
| Chlorogenic acid | 0.52 ± 0.35f |
2.45 ± 0.68dce |
3.21 ± 0.33cd |
1.37 ± 0.36ef |
7.70 ± 0.22a |
8.97 ± 1.29a |
1.81 ± 0.21def |
0.63 ± 0.42f |
2.60 ± 0.46cd |
2.18 ± 0.19de |
3.72 ± 0.10c |
5.39 ± 0.46b |
| Plantamajoside | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 13.46 ± 6.06 |
ND | ND |
| Total hydroxycinnamic acid | 0.52 ± 0.35d |
2.45 ± 0.68cd |
3.21 ± 0.33cd |
1.37 ± 0.36d |
7.70 ± 0.22bc |
8.97 ± 1.29b |
1.81 ± 0.21d |
0.63 ± 0.42d |
2.60 ± 0.46cd |
15.63 ± 6.24a |
3.72 ± 0.10bcd |
5.39 ± 0.46bcd |
| Taxifolin-3-glucoside | 4.36 ± 0.78f |
15.10 ± 0.57c |
21.97 ± 2.90b |
12.53 ± 1.52cd |
24.36 ± 0.70ab |
28.90 ± 3.97a |
7.50 ± 0.69ef |
14.81 ± 0.84c |
19.89 ± 0.28b |
8.06 ± 0.06def |
12.14 ± 0.84cd |
11.94 ± 0.17cde |
| Luteolin-3′,7-di-O-glucoside | 64.45 ± 4.61d |
280.95 ± 14.75a |
313.82 ± 10.58a |
67.09 ± 1.55d |
148.85 ± 2.45c |
168.91 ± 3.79c |
63.69 ± 2.44d |
224.16 ± 17.94b |
186.40 ± 48.00bc |
70.56 ± 5.11d |
154.22 ± 7.82c |
157.14 ± 8.36c |
| Rutin | 380.31 ± 4.45c |
558.69 ± 17.40b |
853.17 ± 10.79a |
72.14 ± 3.55i |
340.56 ± 6.99d |
358.59 ± 10.46cd |
120.68 ± 2.36h |
237.07 ± 8.57e |
537.69 ± 0.35b |
52.45 ± 0.90i |
152.76 ± 0.49g |
184.15 ± 0.12f |
| Quercetin-3-O-glucoside | 64.79 ± 13.82g |
155.25 ± 26.64d |
156.19 ± 2.14d |
82.85 ± 14.09fg |
102.36 ± 9.33ef |
122.60 ± 5.34e |
93.32 ± 11.91ef |
166.79 ± 2.42cd |
197.88 ± 3.91bc |
120.39 ± 1.30e |
218.03 ± 2.86b |
316.49 ± 7.57a |
| Luteolin-7-O-glucoside | 876.85 ± 20.11c |
2,831.55 ± 521.78ab |
2,539.70 ± 30.35ab |
585.10 ± 23.22c |
2,089.00 ± 45.74ab |
1,987.59 ± 194.58b |
570.93 ± 32.87c |
2,289.58 ± 17.43ab |
1,988.72 ± 599.61b |
856.80 ± 31.49c |
2,882.52 ± 4.76a |
2,728.48 ± 560.42ab |
| Apigenin-7-O-neohesperidoside | 249.01 ± 1.83e |
331.60 ± 8.87d |
345.77 ± 2.90cd |
269.13 ± 10.32e |
250.00 ± 8.98e |
263.52 ± 15.75e |
503.97 ± 5.77a |
362.32 ± 6.09c |
396.47 ± 0.38b |
227.75 ± 2.23f |
182.71 ± 3.18g |
189.30 ± 0.57g |
| Taxifolin | 143.26 ± 2.97e |
27.93 ± 0.35i |
78.55 ± 3.61f |
43.55 ± 2.00h |
159.05 ± 4.13d |
194.03 ± 6.24c |
55.67 ± 0.24g |
50.61 ± 0.13gh |
210.24 ± 0.10b |
144.14 ± 6.61e |
42.46 ± 0.26h |
274.30 ± 3.42a |
| Diosmetin-7-O-neohesperidoside | 2.51 ± 0.09h |
8.99 ± 0.20b |
12.67 ± 0.29a |
3.34 ± 0.15g |
3.66 ± 0.21fg |
4.55 ± 0.38e |
2.11 ± 0.02h |
5.94 ± 0.30d |
6.82 ± 0.12c |
2.24 ± 0.10h |
3.54 ± 0.06fg |
4.02 ± 0.06ef |
| Apigenin-7-O-glucoside | 242.66 ± 5.77c |
335.35 ± 4.53a |
284.35 ± 1.58b |
78.77 ± 3.03f |
145.01 ± 5.26e |
138.96 ± 2.36e |
235.19 ± 8.44c |
321.76 ± 6.96a |
194.54 ± 1.07d |
136.00 ± 1.80e |
241.98 ± 7.49c |
183.50 ± 1.90d |
| Kaempferol-7-O-glucoside | 469.51 ± 8.35f |
2,128.62 ± 14.78c |
2,530.56 ± 261.22b |
621.88 ± 14.36ef |
2,378.35 ± 74.87b |
2,462.51 ± 21.22b |
614.87 ± 11.89ef |
2,072.19 ± 32.7c |
1,638.05 ± 29.50d |
744.85 ± 17.55f |
2,681.13 ± 11.21a |
2,665.46 ± 7.19a |
| Luteolin-4′-O-glucoside | 39.70 ± 3.83g |
155.31 ± 2.85cd |
171.14 ± 4.03c |
57.38 ± 5.85gf |
233.01 ± 19.88b |
271.62 ± 8.02a |
41.59 ± 3.29g |
78.19 ± 1.38f |
120.36 ± 5.73e |
54.58 ± 3.39g |
133.39 ± 0.55de |
122.08 ± 11.76e |
| Quercetin-4′-O-glucoside | 4.89 ± 1.10b |
18.31 ± 1.62a |
18.25 ± 0.38a |
ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 5.06 ± 0.81b |
3.20 ± 0.47bc |
ND | 1.81 ± 0.09cd |
| Tiliroside | 15.34 ± 0.15b |
18.54 ± 0.18a |
13.55 ± 0.22c |
6.61 ± 0.18g |
4.76 ± 0.13h |
7.39 ± 0.45f |
6.67 ± 0.14g |
9.17 ± 0.16e |
9.18 ± 0.01e |
6.75 ± 0.05g |
9.93 ± 0.44d |
15.35 ± 0.43b |
| Eriodictyol | 141.39 ± 4.43d |
286.98 ± 4.28b |
405.71 ± 57.8a |
58.38 ± 1.52ef |
190.46 ± 8.08cd |
249.21 ± 57.83bc |
41.28 ± 1.17f |
132.09 ± 1.59de |
447.72 ± 34.66a |
61.28 ± 0.72ef |
194.35 ± 2.38cd |
302.00 ± 7.95b |
| Luteolin | 196.68 ± 9.77d |
26.38 ± 0.69i |
261.69 ± 6.01c |
61.85 ± 2.70fg |
29.55 ± 0.19i |
185.64 ± 3.46d |
70.43 ± 0.37f |
49.04 ± 0.50h |
488.78 ± 0.66b |
87.51 ± 2.39e |
55.14 ± 0.84gh |
553.45 ± 7.18a |
| Quercetin | 9.21 ± 0.34e |
17.05 ± 0.32ab |
18.44 ± 1.81a |
ND | 11.91 ± 0.29d |
18.14 ± 0.52a |
7.26 ± 0.09f |
15.52 ± 0.59bc |
18.86 ± 0.48a |
ND | 13.84 ± 0.16c |
18.55 ± 0.54a |
| Kaempferol | 11.83 ± 0.10a |
ND | 4.91 ± 0.04c |
2.39 ± 0.02e |
ND | 2.64 ± 0.03d |
2.19 ± 0.02f |
ND | 6.02 ± 0.10b |
ND | ND | ND |
| Apigenin | 8.83 ± 0.27f |
1.61 ± 0.07i |
20.96 ± 0.53c |
4.19 ± 0.20h |
1.73 ± 0.04i |
5.37 ± 0.01g |
11.69 ± 0.04e |
ND | 36.07 ± 0.11a |
5.45 ± 0.16g |
13.04 ± 0.12d |
23.32 ± 1.04b |
| Hispidulin | 1.32 ± 0.05cd |
0.36 ± 0.13e |
4.24 ± 0.60a |
0.72 ± 0.04de |
0.17 ± 0.02e |
1.410 ± 0.02 |
1.15 ± 0.08 |
0.42 ± 0.20e |
3.18 ± 0.40b |
1.33 ± 0.05cd |
0.30 ± 0.07e |
4.42 ± 0.14a |
| Total flavonoids | 2,926.91 ± 27.78e |
7,198.57 ± 574.75abc |
8,055.62 ± 220.02a |
2,027.90 ± 34.20e |
6,112.77 ± 181.84d |
6,471.56 ± 221.9cd |
2,450.17 ± 48.34e |
6,029.63 ± 93.85d |
6,511.89 ± 713.25cd |
2,583.35 ± 57.87e |
6,991.45 ± 4.48bcd |
7,755.76 ± 553.73ab |
| Secoxyloganin | 70.21 ± 1.05gi |
906.28 ± 3.14b |
203.59 ± 4.63e |
41.16 ± 1.57hi |
1,383.22 ± 34.26a |
346.67 ± 7.24d |
21.64 ± 0.78i |
759.54 ± 3.11c |
132.46 ± 0.50f |
18.03 ± 0.11i |
737.54 ± 9.91c |
87.15 ± 3.20g |
| Oleuropein | 1,134.89 ± 34.95i |
21,189.85 ± 2.16a |
5,681.83 ± 135.30f |
524.89 ± 23.13j |
16,380.58 ± 480.39c |
7,318.12 ± 401.71e |
646.41 ± 27.86ij |
13,248.99 ± 168.76d |
3,126.35 ± 83.26h |
590.14 ± 23.51ij |
17,699.43 ± 158.23b |
4,004.78 ± 124.39g |
| Total iridoids | 1,205.10 ± 33.9i |
22,096.13 ± 0.98a |
5,885.42 ± 139.93f |
566.05 ± 24.70i |
17,763.8 ± 514.66c |
7,664.79 ± 408.96e |
668.05 ± 28.64ij |
14,008.53 ± 171.87d |
3,258.81 ± 83.76h |
608.17 ± 23.62ij |
18,436.97 ± 168.14b |
4,091.93 ± 127.59g |
| Asiatic acid | 22.99 ± 0.32b |
23.92 ± 4.91ab |
23.74 ± 1.43ab |
17.66 ± 0.43cd |
9.06 ± 0.25g |
8.78 ± 1.19g |
15.28 ± 0.20f |
27.96 ± 1.86a |
28.77 ± 1.45a |
18.55 ± 1.19bcd |
15.92 ± 0.55ef |
16.91 ± 1.03de |
| Oleanonic acid | 1,669.26 ± 25.47c |
723.32 ± 69.44ef |
827.32 ± 90.63d |
721.7 ± 42.74ef |
774.95 ± 85.53e |
838.83 ± 44.77d |
681.45 ± 54.52g |
2,252.43 ± 102.52b |
2,267.04 ± 42.56a |
709.13 ± 32.25f |
848.88 ± 20.11d |
907.88 ± 88.96d |
| Maslinic acid | 4,315.21 ± 104.48b |
3,712.34 ± 254.18d |
4,420.64 ± 378.32b |
3,235.5 ± 263.79e |
5,929.92 ± 91.33a |
6,071.36 ± 727.56a |
4,109.96 ± 392.19cd |
4,384.59 ± 304.27b |
4,369.35 ± 83.53b |
4,124.62 ± 138.93b |
4,489.45 ± 112.45b |
4,455.58 ± 43.24b |
| Corosolic acid | 1,527.29 ± 79.99d |
1,974.92 ± 145.19b |
2,274 ± 73.65a |
1,620.68 ± 118.9cd |
928.04 ± 69.12f |
519.88 ± 60.15g |
1,348.02 ± 13.88e |
1,450.35 ± 33.96de |
1,707.25 ± 51.15c |
1,518.71 ± 11.15cd |
1,591.59 ± 63.74cd |
1,538.47 ± 55.33cd |
| Oleanolic acid | 8,428.8 ± 622.05c |
8,231.99 ± 495.41bc |
10,227.14 ± 442.99a |
8,012.36 ± 793.33bc |
9,687.59 ± 516.28a |
10,455.69 ± 313.77a |
7,584.04 ± 414.18c |
8,552.62 ± 242.16b |
10,476.67 ± 125.49a |
8,090.84 ± 197.36c |
8,439.63 ± 122.94c |
10,111.41 ± 252.52a |
| Ursolic acid | 201.42 ± 17.33bc |
206.01 ± 25.32bc |
258.86 ± 11.83a |
216.55 ± 31.80b |
146.35 ± 14.08e |
189.39 ± 8.43cd |
185.85 ± 14.68d |
213.19 ± 30.55b |
207.05 ± 16.76bc |
190.42 ± 8.52cd |
192.65 ± 16.72d |
204.47 ± 12.68bc |
| Total triterpenic acids | 16,164.97 ± 923.9b |
14,872.5 ± 1,045.4c |
18,031.7 ± 1,041.32a |
13,824.45 ± 1,341.7c |
17,475.91 ± 887.30b |
18,083.93 ± 1,245.56a |
13,924.6 ± 930.67c |
16,881.14 ± 801.6b |
19,056.13 ± 384.35a |
14,652.27 ± 474.2b |
15,578.12 ± 453.48b |
17,234.72 ± 631.74a |
Fr, HD, and FD denote fresh, hot air-dried, and freeze-dried olive leaf samples, respectively. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (n = 3) in mg/kg dry weight (DW). For each line, mean values followed by different letters indicate a significant difference (P < 0.05). ND denotes not detected.