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. 2022 May 12;19:6. doi: 10.1186/s12950-022-00303-0

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 4 — Characterization of serum exosomes. A Dynamic light scattering (DLS) results performed in triplicate indicating an average diameter of 164 nm. B Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) demonstrating a heterogenous size mixture of discrete vesicles ranging from about 30 – 200 nm. C SDS-PAGE analysis of whole serum and serum exosome protein patterns visualized by silver staining. D Western blot results showing intense CD9, CD81, TSG101, and ALIX (exosome protein markers) signals in the serum exosomal fraction, but not in the whole serum