Table 1.
Baseline characteristics based on alpha-1 antitrypsin genotype.
| Trait | Pi∗MM, n = 474 | Pi∗MZ, n = 49 | Pi∗MS, n = 52 | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 58.1 (51.1-65.0) | 59.5 (43.9-66.2) | 57.8 (50.1-67.0) | 0.99 |
| Male | 59.5% | 49.0% | 52.9% | 0.20 |
| Hypertension | 70.3% | 65.3% | 80.4% | 0.58 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 47.9% | 53.1% | 56.9% | 0.59 |
| Diabetes | 53.6% | 63.3% | 47.1% | 0.25 |
| Coronary artery disease | 25.3% | 25.0% | 22.0% | 1.0 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 6.2% | 4.2% | 6.0% | 0.80 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 31.4 (26.4-36.9) | 30.7 (27.3-38.5) | 31.6 (27.5-36.1) | 0.69 |
| Smoking history | ||||
| Never | 41.4% | 44.9% | 37.3% | 0.31 |
| Former | 36.3% | 44.9% | 39.2% | |
| Current | 22.4% | 10.2% | 23.5% | |
| Illicit drug use history | 14.5% | 8.3% | 3.9% | 0.34 |
| Cirrhosis etiology | ||||
| Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease or cryptogenic | 44.1% | 40.8% | 54.9% | 0.15 |
| Hepatitis C alone | 15.3% | 10.4% | 13.7% | |
| Alcohol alone | 18.1% | 16.3% | 15.7% | |
| Hepatitis C and alcohol | 9.4% | 4.2% | 9.8% | |
| Other | 13.7% | 28.6% | 5.9% | |
| Gastroesophageal varices | 47.0% | 42.6% | 46.0% | 0.67 |
| Clinically significant portal hypertension |
48.5% |
46.8% |
46.0% |
0.92 |
| Laboratory values | ||||
| Creatinine (mg/dl) | 0.9 (0.7-1.1) | 0.8 (0.7-1.0) | 0.9 (0.8-1.1) | 0.36 |
| Hemoglobin A1c (%) | 6.1 (5.4-7.8) | 7.1 (5.9-7.8) | 5.8 (5.2-7.2) | 0.13 |
| Alanine aminotransferase (U/L) | 43.0 (26.0-73.0) | 39.0 (28.0-57.0) | 35.0 (23.0-51.5) | 0.10 |
| Aspartate aminotransferase (U/L) | 49.0 (33.0-79.5) | 54.0 (41.0-71.0) | 46.0 (28.0-78.5) | 0.48 |
| Total bilirubin (mg/dl) | 0.8 (0.5-1.5) | 1.1 (0.7-2.0) | 0.8 (0.5-1.5) | 0.037 |
| Alkaline phosphatase (U/L) | 119.0 (85.0-172.5) | 124.0 (90.0-166.0) | 109.0 (81.5-138.5) | 0.39 |
| Albumin (mg/dl) | 3.9 (3.4-4.3) | 3.9 (2.9-4.2) | 4.0 (3.5-4.3) | 0.76 |
| Platelets (K/ul) | 129.0 (97.0-194.8) | 140.0 (105.0-198.0) | 161.0 (97.5-238.0) | 0.17 |
| Model for end-stage liver disease score | 8.5 (7.2-11.9) | 10.0 (7.7-13.1) | 8.2 (7.2-13.8) | 0.29 |
Three-way comparisons of continuous variables were performed with Kruskal-Wallis statistics, and comparisons of categorical variables were performed using a chi-squared statistic.