Table 1.
Demographic, clinical, and biochemical parameters of the study participants.
| CVD no-risk | CVD risk | P-value (t-test) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number of Study participants | 36 | 10 | NA |
| Age (y) | 41.8 ± 9.3 | 53.1 ± 8.3 | 0.0009 |
| Gender | |||
| Male | 8 | 3 | NA |
| Female | 28 | 7 | NA |
| Glucose-related parameters | |||
| FBG in mmol/L | 5.1 (4.8–5.7)† | 6.4 (5.8–8.3) | 0.0003 |
| HbA1c in % | 5.5 (5.1–5.7)† | 6.8 (6.1–8.0) | <0.0001 |
| Insulin in IU | 15.4 (9.8–25.3)† | 15.8 (11.4–22.3)† | 0.824ns |
| Complete lipid profiles | |||
| TC in mmol/L | 4.8 (4.3–5.4)† | 5.0 (4.3–5.4) | 0.946ns |
| TG in mmol/L | 1.1 (0.9–1.5)† | 1.5 (1.1–1.8) | 0.181ns |
| HDL in mmol/L | 1.3 (1.1–1.5)† | 1.3 (1.0–1.5) | 0.513ns |
| LDL in mmol/L | 2.9 (2.5–3.7)† | 2.7 (2.3–3.7) | 0.794ns |
| Liver function parameters | |||
| ALP in U/L | 65.0 (56.0–81.0)† | 73.0 (64.0–106.0)† | 0.129ns |
| ALT in IU/L | 20.0 (11.0–28.0)† | 38.0 (35.5–45.5)† | 0.0007 |
| AST in U/L | 17.0 (14.0–23.0)† | 23.0 (19.5–27.5)† | 0.014ns |
| Thyroid function parameters | |||
| TSH in mIU/L | 1.9 (1.4–3.2)† | 1.7 (1.1–2.5)† | 0.330ns |
| T3 pmol/L | 4.3 (3.6–4.8)† | 4.4 (3.8–5.1)† | 0.731ns |
| T4 in pmol/L | 15.0 (13.2–15.7)† | 14.1 (12.4–16.2)† | 0.618ns |
| Vitamins | |||
| Folate (vitamin B9) in nmol/L | 22.7 (16.0–34.8)† | 23.3 (18.5–32.5)† | 0.714ns |
| Vitamin D ng/mL | 20.0 (12.0–27.5)† | 20.5 (16.5–27.75) | 0.605ns |
| Vitamin B12 pmol/L | 258.0 (217.5–328.0)† | 364.0 (274.3–496.3) | 0.010 |
| Clinical parameters | |||
| HR | 80.0 (72.0–89.5)† | 80.5 (72.0–84.8) | 0.635ns |
| Systolic BP | 122.0 (112.0–131.0)† | 130.5 (124.8–140.0) | 0.028 |
| Diastolic BP | 73.5 (64.5–84.0) | 77.0 (69.0–88.25) | 0.381ns |
| Others | |||
| Uric acid in mmol/L | 278.0 (242.3–327.5)† | 344.0 (264.0–440.8)† | 0.109ns |
| Iron saturation level in % | 16.0 (11.0–19.6)† | 16.5 (12.2–24.8) | 0.574ns |
All values are expressed as median and IQR. Student's t-test or Mann-Whitney test was performed, wherever applicable P <0.05 was considered statistically significant; ns, not significant. FBG, fasting blood glucose; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; ALT, alanine transaminase; AST, aspartate transaminase; TSH, thyroid-stimulating hormone; T3, triiodothyronine; T4, thyroxine; HR, heart rate; BP, blood pressure; mmol/L, millimole per liter; U/L, units per liter; IU/L, international units per liter; ng/mL, nanogram per milliliter; mIU/L, milli international units per liter; pmol/L, picomole per liter.
Indicates that the value was derived from less than the actual study participants (refer to Supplementary Table 1).