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. 2022 Apr 25;25(5):104287. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104287

Figure 1.

Figure 1

VCaP xenografts gain resistance toward enzalutamide treatment in vivo

Study flow of the VCaP xenograft model (created with BioRender.com) (A) and tumor volume and (B) serum PSA concentration (C) in nude mice after inoculation of VCaP prostate cancer cells subcutaneously. Mice were castrated (ORX) or castrated and adrenalectomized (ORX + ADX) 5 weeks after inoculation of the tumor cells, and enzalutamide (Enza) treatment (ORX + Enza) started 3 weeks after castration. Although the Enza response was transient (shaded area), ADX presented tumor growth inhibition throughout the study period. This resulted in a smaller tumor volume and lower serum PSA at the end of the study in the ORX + ADX mice compared to those treated with ORX + Enza. The data shown represent the mean ± SEM. Two-way ANOVA multiple comparisons were used to test the differences in tumors grown in castrated mice (ORX I and ORX II, n = 17 + 17), tumors grown in castrated mice treated with Enza (ORX + Enza I and ORX + Enza II, n = 14 + 14) and those grown in ORX + ADX (ORX + ADX I and ORX + ADX II, n = 15 + 13) mice. ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001.