TABLE 1.
Previous Prescriptions in Youth (15–24 y) With a Medically-Treated Overdose Involving a BZD, 2016–2018
| Overdoses Involving BZDs | N = 2986 | Intent of Overdoses Involving BZDsa | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intentional (n = 1664) | Unintentional (n = 1160) | |||
| Age at overdose, y, median (IQR) | 20 (17–22) | 20 (18–22) | 20 (18–22) | |
| Female, n (%) | 1556 (52.1) | 1045 (62.8) | 447 (38.5) | <.001 |
| Mental health diagnosis in previous 6 mo,b n (%) | 2232 (74.7) | 1300 (78.1) | 813 (70.1) | <.001 |
| Previous BZD prescription,c n (%) | ||||
| 0–1 mo | 854 (28.6) | 590 (35.5) | 234 (20.2) | <.001 |
| 0–6 mo | 1243 (41.6) | 850 (51.1) | 348 (30.0) | <.001 |
| Days from overdose to most recent prescription, median (IQR) | 16 (5–39) | 16 (5–37) | 15 (4–40) | |
| Subset with BZD prescription(s) in previous 6 mo | N = 1243 | n = 850 | n = 348 | |
| Number of BZD fills, median (IQR) | 3 (1–5) | 2 (1–4) | 3 (1–5) | |
| >3 fills dispensed, n (%) | 470 (37.8) | 300 (35.3) | 156 (44.8) | .002 |
| Total BZD d supplied, median (IQR) | 60 (30–120) | 60 (30–120) | 73 (30–136) | |
| >90 d dispensed, n (%) | 413 (33.2) | 267 (31.4) | 134 (38.5) | .018 |
| Mental health diagnosis in previous 6 mo,b n (%) | 1153 (92.8) | 785 (92.4) | 324 (93.1) | .653 |
ICD-10-CM overdose definitions: overdose involving BZD: T42.4 × 1A, T42.4 × 2A, T42.4 × 4A. Previous BZD prescriptions identified through records of dispensed prescriptions before overdose event: alprazolam, chlordiazepoxide, clobazam, clonazepam, clorazepate, diazepam, estazolam, flurazepam, lorazepam, midazolam, oxazepam, quazepam, temazepam, triazolam. BZD, benzodiazepine; IQR: interquartile range.
Undetermined overdose events not displayed (N = 162); if multiple overdose codes were recorded with differing intents (intentional, unintentional, undetermined), precedence in classification was given to intentional then unintentional.
Mental health diagnoses identified in 6 mo before overdose event (excluding date of overdose event): International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) and ICD-10-CM: 290–319; ICD-10-CM: F01–F99; see Supplemental Table 3 for specific diagnoses.
Prescription anytime in previous 0 to 12 mo: overall: 1380 (46.2%), intentional: 923 (55.5%), unintentional: 407 (35.1%).