Study |
Bias due to confounding |
Bias in the selection of participants for the study |
Bias in the classification of interventions |
Bias due to deviations from intended interventions |
Bias due to missing data |
Bias in the measurement of outcomes |
Bias in the selection of the reported result |
Overall |
Heravi et al. (2016) [15] |
Low. No confounding is expected |
Low. All participants who would have been eligible for the target trial were included in the study, and for each participant, the start of follow-up and start of intervention coincided |
No information |
Low. There were no deviations from the intended interventions (in terms of implementation or adherence) that were likely to impact the outcome |
Low. No dropouts were reported |
Serious. The outcome measure was probably influenced by knowledge of the intervention received by study participants |
Low. The protocol was not registered. But the pre-defined outcomes mentioned in the methods section seemed to have been reported |
Serious |