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. 2022 May 10;14(5):e24888. doi: 10.7759/cureus.24888

Table 5. Risk of bias of the included controlled clinical trial in the systematic review.

Study Bias due to confounding Bias in the selection of participants for the study Bias in the classification of interventions Bias due to deviations from intended interventions Bias due to missing data Bias in the measurement of outcomes Bias in the selection of the reported result Overall
Heravi et al. (2016) [15] Low. No confounding is expected Low. All participants who would have been eligible for the target trial were included in the study, and for each participant, the start of follow-up and start of intervention coincided No information Low. There were no deviations from the intended interventions (in terms of implementation or adherence) that were likely to impact the outcome Low. No dropouts were reported Serious. The outcome measure was probably influenced by knowledge of the intervention received by study participants Low. The protocol was not registered. But the pre-defined outcomes mentioned in the methods section seemed to have been reported Serious