Figure 1.

Schematic representation of processes relying on ER remodeling

Some of the processes that rely on ER remodeling as part of their mechanism (highlighted in light blue), separated by the dashed lines, even though in reality they do overlap in most cases. From left to right, ER tubule formation, three-way junction formation, vesicular trafficking, unfolded protein response and ERAD, ER-organelle contact-site formation, ER-phagy and ERLAD are only some of the processes essential for cellular function, which require or induce changes to ER morphology.