TABLE. Prevalence of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, by patient-, hospital- and zip code–level characteristics — National Inpatient Sample, United States, 2017–2019.
| Characteristic | Any hypertensive disorder in pregnancy* |
Chronic hypertension |
Pregnancy-associated hypertension |
Unspecified maternal hypertension |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No.† | Row % (95% CI) | No. | Row % (95% CI) | No. | Row % (95% CI) | No. | Row % (95% CI) | |
|
Total no. of cases
|
319,913
|
—
|
47,218
|
—
|
259,458
|
—
|
13,237
|
—
|
|
Maternal age group, yrs
| ||||||||
| 12–24 |
73,421 |
13.9 (13.7–14.1) |
5,593 |
1.1 (1.0–1.1) |
65,378 |
12.4 (12.2–12.5) |
2,450 |
0.5 (0.4–0.5) |
| 25–29 |
85,358 |
13.5 (13.3–13.7) |
10,984 |
1.7 (1.7–1.8) |
71,010 |
11.2 (11.1–11.4) |
3,364 |
0.5 (0.5–0.6) |
| 30–34 |
89,242 |
14.3 (14.1–14.4) |
14,982 |
2.4 (2.3–2.4) |
70,287 |
11.2 (11.1–11.4) |
3,973 |
0.6 (0.6–0.7) |
| 35–44 |
70,395 |
18.0 (17.7–18.2) |
15,341 |
3.9 (3.8–4.0) |
51,672 |
13.2 (13.0–13.4) |
3,382 |
0.9 (0.8–0.9) |
| 45–55 |
1,497 |
31.0 (29.7–32.4) |
318 |
6.6 (5.9–7.3) |
1,111 |
23.0 (21.8–24.2) |
68 |
1.4 (1.1–1.7) |
|
Race and ethnicity
§
| ||||||||
| Asian or Pacific Islander |
12,183 |
9.3 (8.8–9.7) |
1,616 |
1.2 (1.1–1.3) |
10,134 |
7.7 (7.3–8.1) |
433 |
0.3 (0.3–0.4) |
| Black |
66,316 |
20.9 (20.5–21.2) |
13,639 |
4.3 (4.2–4.4) |
49,568 |
15.6 (15.3–15.9) |
3,109 |
1.0 (0.9–1.0) |
| Hispanic |
54,702 |
12.5 (12.2–12.8) |
6,561 |
1.5 (1.5–1.5) |
46,148 |
10.6 (10.3–10.8) |
1,993 |
0.5 (0.4–0.5) |
| American Indian and Alaska Native |
2,525 |
16.4 (15.4–17.5) |
318 |
2.1 (1.8–2.3) |
2,103 |
13.7 (12.7–14.6) |
104 |
0.7 (0.5–0.8) |
| Another race |
11,659 |
12.0 (11.6–12.3) |
1,400 |
1.4 (1.4–1.5) |
9,781 |
10.1 (9.7–10.4) |
478 |
0.5 (0.4–0.5) |
| White |
162,122 |
14.7 (14.5–14.9) |
22,358 |
2.0 (2.0–2.1) |
133,052 |
12.1 (11.9–12.2) |
6,712 |
0.6 (0.6–0.6) |
| Missing |
10,406 |
12.7 (12.2–13.1) |
1,326 |
1.6 (1.5–1.7) |
8,672 |
10.6 (10.2–11.0) |
408 |
0.5 (0.4–0.6) |
|
Payer
| ||||||||
| Public¶ |
139,227 |
14.8 (14.6–15.0) |
21,541 |
2.3 (2.2–2.3) |
111,543 |
11.8 (11.7–12.0) |
6,143 |
0.7 (0.6–0.7) |
| Private insurance |
166,455 |
14.8 (14.7–15.0) |
23,826 |
2.1 (2.1–2.2) |
136,153 |
12.1 (12.0–12.3) |
6,476 |
0.6 (0.6–0.6) |
| Self-pay/Other |
13,837 |
11.9 (11.6–12.2) |
1,791 |
1.5 (1.5–1.6) |
11,443 |
9.8 (9.5–10.1) |
603 |
0.5 (0.5–0.6) |
|
Rurality (county-level)
| ||||||||
| Metropolitan |
275,342 |
14.6 (14.4–14.8) |
40,136 |
2.1 (2.1–2.2) |
224,232 |
11.9 (11.7–12.0) |
10,974 |
0.6 (0.6–0.6) |
| Micropolitan |
25,844 |
14.8 (14.5–15.0) |
4,026 |
2.3 (2.2–2.4) |
20,497 |
11.7 (11.5–11.9) |
1,321 |
0.8 (0.7–0.8) |
| Rural** |
18,139 |
15.5 (15.1–15.8) |
2,980 |
2.5 (2.4–2.7) |
14,241 |
12.1 (11.9–12.4) |
918 |
0.8 (0.7–0.8) |
|
Median household-level income national quartile for patient zip code
††
| ||||||||
| Q1 |
98,661 |
16.4 (16.1–16.6) |
16,218 |
2.7 (2.6–2.8) |
78,022 |
12.9 (12.7–13.2) |
4,421 |
0.7 (0.7–0.8) |
| Q2 |
81,089 |
14.7 (14.5–14.9) |
11,916 |
2.2 (2.1–2.2) |
65,747 |
11.9 (11.8–12.1) |
3,426 |
0.6 (0.6–0.6) |
| Q3 |
77,387 |
14.4 (14.3–14.6) |
10,829 |
2.0 (2.0–2.1) |
63,629 |
11.9 (11.7–12.0) |
2,929 |
0.5 (0.5–0.6) |
| Q4 |
60,014 |
12.7 (12.5–12.9) |
7,830 |
1.7 (1.6–1.7) |
49,857 |
10.5 (10.3–10.7) |
2,327 |
0.5 (0.5–0.5) |
|
Hospital region
§§
| ||||||||
| Northeast |
48,527 |
13.9 (13.5–14.4) |
6,746 |
1.9 (1.8–2.0) |
40,017 |
11.5 (11.1–11.9) |
1,764 |
0.5 (0.5–0.5) |
| Midwest |
69,181 |
15.0 (14.7–15.3) |
9,736 |
2.1 (2.0–2.2) |
56,611 |
12.3 (12.0–12.5) |
2,834 |
0.6 (0.6–0.6) |
| South |
136,435 |
15.9 (15.7–16.2) |
22,355 |
2.6 (2.5–2.7) |
107,940 |
12.6 (12.4–12.8) |
6,140 |
0.7 (0.7–0.7) |
| West | 65,770 | 12.7 (12.4–13.0) | 8,381 | 1.6 (1.6–1.7) | 54,890 | 10.6 (10.4–10.9) | 2,499 | 0.5 (0.5–0.5) |
Abbreviation: Q = quartile.
* Any hypertensive disorder in pregnancy includes chronic hypertension, pregnancy-associated hypertension, and unspecified maternal hypertension.
† Numbers are unweighted.
§ Patients with Hispanic ethnicity are classified as Hispanic and all non-Hispanic patients are classified according to their reported race. The Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) race and ethnicity category Native American is expressed as American Indian and Alaska Native.
¶ Public insurance includes Medicare and Medicaid.
** Rural defined as nonmetropolitan and nonmicropolitan counties.
†† 2017 (Q1 = $1–$43,999, Q2 = $44,000–$55,999, Q3 = $56,000–73,999, Q4 = ≥$74,000); 2018 (Q1 = $1–$45,999, Q2 = $46,000–$58,999, Q3 = $59,000–$78,999, Q4 = ≥$79,000); 2019: Q1 = $1–$47,999, Q2 = $48,000–$60,999, Q3 = $61,000–$81,999, Q4 = ≥$82,000.
§§ Hospital region is the census region as defined by the U.S. Census Bureau.