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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Acc Chem Res. 2022 Jan 18;55(3):381–390. doi: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00648

Figure 2: The AgHalo-1 conjugate activates fluorescence when AgHalo misfolds in temperature or chemical stressed cells.

Figure 2:

(A) Previous protein aggregation detection methods exhibit similar diffuse fluorescence signal in the folded states and the misfolded oligomeric states. (B) The proposed experimental goal wherein the AgHalo (K73T) conjugated with a fluorophore could activate fluorescence in misfolded oligomers and insoluble aggregates. (C) Chemical structure of 1. (D) The AgHalo-1 conjugate activates fluorescence in heat-shocked cells. (E–F) Fluorescence microscopy visualizes the misfolded oligomers of AgHalo-1 in cells treated with heat (E) or chemical stressors (F). (G) Chemical structure of 2. (H) Thermo denaturation of AgHalo results the formation of misfolded monomers (blue box), and misfolded oligomers or insoluble aggregates (red box). (I–J) Fluorescence response of molecular rotor-based probe 2 (I) and solvatochromic probe 1 (J) during thermo denaturation of AgHalo. (A–F) Reproduced with permission from Ref. 1. Copyright 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (G–I) Reproduced with permission from Ref. 41. Copyright 2018 American Chemical Society.