Table 4.

Biological knowledge triggering design inspiration.

Classification	Article name	Acquired biological knowledge54	Design inspiration
Function	Fiber arrangement is highly efficient	Most of the strength of bamboo comes from vascular bundles wrapped in cellulose. The bundles serve dual functions as transport vessels and reinforcement for the stem. Trees and other woody plants are solid cylinders with the strong vascular bundles evenly arranged throughout. Bamboo, however, forms hollow tubes. The outside edge is where the stresses are the strongest and so the optimizes material used by placing the toughest materials where they are most needed	This arrangement and distribution of bamboo inspired an idea whether a hollow structure can also be used in the winch drum, and then the hardest materials are gathered on the inner and outer walls of the tube, which can reduce weight and increase strength
	Structural composition provides strength in changing conditions	In the root tip or stem tip of a plant, the cell wall may be thinner in the immature stage, but when it grows to the mature stage, the cell wall becomes thicker, and lignin is incorporated into the structure. The cell itself has a strengthening effect on the overall strength of the plant. Parenchyma cells act like a pressurized container when fully hydrated. Mature cells, especially cells with thick cell walls, have their own strength even without water	The expansion and contraction caused by the complete hydration of the thin-walled wall is like a telescopic airbag. Is it possible to use such a telescopic airbag on the inner wall of the reel so that the contact area between the airbag and the rope is increased after the airbag is under pressure, thereby increasing the friction and achieving a non-slip effect?
Shape	Proteins reduce surface tension	Most mushrooms have an appendage on the surface, which is uneven	Is it possible to design a bionic covering layer with a spherical crown on the surface of the winch drum, so that the winch drum can prevent the rope from slipping during work?
	Scale shape enables limbless movement	Studies on a variety of different snake species have demonstrated that the friction generated by sliding depends on the direction of travel. Belly scales have small “micropatterns” that create arrays of v-shaped feathered trailing edges. The tips of these V-shapes point towards the tail of the snake and, in some species, they are raised at the tip. In this way, as the snake slides, the surface moves easily up and over the raised tips, but in reverse direction they act like the pawl of a ratchet, snagging the surface and resisting movement in the opposite direction. And snakes control movement by increasing friction on the surface of the skin and muscles	These V-shaped patterns on the surface of the snake can achieve the effect of preventing inversion. Can the ratchet pawl in this idea be used in the winch to prevent the movement of the cable when the winch rotates counterclockwise and cause damage to the people on the ship. In addition, the scales on the snake body are increased by Is it possible to apply this method of increasing friction to the outer surface of the drum to achieve a non-slip effect?
Structure	Honeycomb structure is space-efficient and strong	The honeycomb is composed of regular hexagonal beeswax cells, and the span is filled by adjusting the arrangement. The reason for the high compressive strength of the structure is that there are six short walls around each "tube"	Can the inner wall of the honeycomb hexagonal nesting structure be used in the first-round tube of the winch drum to enhance the ability of the drum to resist external pressure during work and reduce deformation?
	Layers create multihued appearance	The shell on the back of the beetle are curved structures, and both the shell and the beetle are hard material	Can the curved structure of the shell be applied to the pressure plate and the winch head in the winch to improve the pressure resistance and increase the service life of the winch head?