Table 1.
Patient Characteristics by Severe Maternal Morbidity (SMM) Status
| No SMM | Any SMM | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| N | 1,243,770 | 16,687 | |
| Total Cost (hospital and physician) of Infant Unitl Hospital Discharge | $6,152 ($38,180) |
$24,027 ($86,500) |
<.0001 |
| Length of Stay of Infant Until Hospital Discharge | 3.4 (8.1) |
8.6 (17.2) |
<.0001 |
| Male Infant | 637,778 (51.3%) |
8,385 (50.2%) |
0.008 |
| Infant Race/ethnicity | |||
| Asian | 129,805 (10.4%) |
1,609 (9.6%) |
<.001 |
| Black | 65,403 (5.2%) |
1,417 (8.5%) |
<.0001 |
| Hispanic | 609,482 (49.0%) |
8,550 (51.2%) |
<.0001 |
| Non-Hispanic White | 381,515 (30.7%) |
4,332 (26.0%) |
<.0001 |
| Other | 57,565 (4.6%) |
779 (4.7%) |
0.795 |
| Maternal age (y) | |||
| <=19 | 112,577 (9.1%) |
1,792 (10.7%) |
<.0001 |
| 20–29 | 603,695 (48.5%) |
7,336 (44.0%) |
<.0001 |
| 30–34 | 306,667 (24.7%) |
3,833 (23.0%) |
<.0001 |
| 35–39 | 173,843 (14.0%) |
2,684 (16.1%) |
<.0001 |
| >=40 | 46,981 (3.8%) |
1,042 (6.2%) |
<.0001 |
| Unknown age | 7 (0.0%) |
0 (0.0%) |
1.0 |
| Maternal insurance | |||
| Private insurance | 502,311 (40.4%) |
5,7658 (34.6%) |
<.0001 |
| Medicaid | 682,869 (54.9%) |
10,036 (60.1%) |
<.0001 |
| Other insurance | 58,590 (4.7%) |
883 (5.3%) |
0.040 |
| Education Level | |||
| No high school | 102,172 (8.2%) |
1,583 (9.5%) |
<.0001 |
| Some high school | 213,764 (17.2%) |
3,458 (20.7%) |
<.0001 |
| High school/GED | 315,904 (25.4%) |
4,215 (25.3%) |
0.687 |
| Some college | 219,019 (17.6%) |
2,772 (16.6%) |
<.001 |
| College grad or more | 348,909 (28.1%) |
4,041 (24.2%) |
<.0001 |
| Maternal weight | |||
| Underweight | 124,211 (10.0%) |
1,988 (11.9%) |
<.0001 |
| Overweight | 301,787 (24.3%) |
3,931 (23.6%) |
0.035 |
| Obese | 243,070 (19.5%) |
3,391 (20.3%) |
0.012 |
| Unknown weight | 76,576 (6.2%) |
1,304 (7.8%) |
<.0001 |
| Gestational Age | |||
| <28 Weeks | 4,706 (0.4%) |
359 (2.2%) |
<.0001 |
| 28–31 Weeks | 7,433 (0.6%) |
622 (3.7%) |
<.0001 |
| 32–36 Weeks | 85,825 (6.9%) |
3,160 (18.9%) |
<.0001 |
| 37–39 Weeks | 763,572 (61.4%) |
8,755 (52.5%) |
<.0001 |
| Multiple birth | 35,720 (2.9%) |
1,929 (11.6%) |
<.0001 |
| Parity = 1 | 480,271 (38.6%) |
6,825 (40.9%) |
<.0001 |
| Unknown parity | 393 (0.0%) |
13 (0.1%) |
0.003 |
| Primary cesarean birth | 422,431 (34.0%) |
10,505 (63.0%) |
<.0001 |
| Repeat cesarean birth | 198,111 (15.9%) |
3,681 (22.1%) |
<.0001 |
| Delivery SMM (transfusion only) | · | 10,210 (61.12%) |
|
| Delivery SMM (all other) | · | 6,477 (38.8%) |
|
| Infant Complications | |||
| Sepsis | 33,191 (2.7%) |
1,298 (7.8%) |
<.0001 |
| Any infection | 34,932 (2.8%) |
1,382 (8.3%) |
<.0001 |
| Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy | 674 (0.1%) |
71 (0.4%) |
<.0001 |
| Modified Bateman Index* | 0.2 (0.7) |
1.0 (1.7) |
<.0001 |
| Congenital Anomaly Groups | |||
| Cardiac | 3,066 (0.2%) |
95 (0.6%) |
<.0001 |
| Coronary Heart Disease | 2,549 (0.2%) |
85 (0.5%) |
<.0001 |
| Chromosomal Syndromes | 1,241 (0.1%) |
41 (0.2%) |
<.0001 |
| Central Nervous System | 1,753 (0.1%) |
79 (0.5%) |
<.0001 |
| Gastrointestinal | 8,196 (0.7%) |
255 (1.5%) |
<.0001 |
| Genitourinary | 5,127 (0.4%) |
125 (0.7%) |
<.0001 |
| Pulmonary | 1,902 (0.2%) |
68 (0.4%) |
<.0001 |
| Skeletal | 101 (0.0%) |
2 (0.0%) |
0.396 |
| Skin | 52 (0.0%) |
1 (0.0%) |
0.507 |
| Other anomaly | 1,452 (0.1%) |
89 (0.5%) |
<.0001 |
| Any anomaly | 96,955 (7.8%) |
2,216 (13.3%) |
<.0001 |
*
Bateman obstetric comorbidity score modified to exclude variables directly included in the model or part of the definition of SMM; see Appendix Table for full definition of Bateman Index.