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. 2022 Apr 14;11(2):627–641. doi: 10.1007/s40122-022-00379-9

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — Comparison of VAS score at different time points. Mean VAS score for pain intensity at different times postoperatively. Data are presented as mean and SD; whiskers represent SD. a Compared with group S and N, the resting VAS of group T + N was significantly lower (P < 0.05) at 2, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h postoperatively. b Compared with group S and N, the dynamic VAS of group T + N was significantly lower (P < 0.05) at 2, 6, and 12 h postoperatively