Fig. 4.

Comparison of VAS scores of different types of surgery at different time points. Mean VAS score for pain intensity at different times postoperatively. Data are presented as mean and SD; whiskers represent SD. 1 cholecystectomy or cholangioenterostomy; 2 partial gastrectomy; 3 hemicolectomy; 4 pancreaticoduodenectomy; 5 hysterectomy. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in a resting VAS scores or b dynamic VAS scores among cholecystectomy or cholangioenterostomy, partial gastrectomy, hemicolectomy, pancreaticoduodenectomy, and hysterectomy at 2 h, 12 h, and 24 h postoperatively