Table 1.

The mechanism and function of snoRNAs in several types of cancers.

Cancer	snoRNA name	Expression	Mechanism/Pathway/Target	Function	Reference
Lung cancer	SNORA7A	Upregulation	unknown	Promote the cell proliferation, invasion, and migration	[55]
	SNORA7B	Upregulation	unknown
	SNORA65	Upregulation	unknown
	SNORA80E	Upregulation	P53	Inhibit apoptosis and support stemness	[56]
	SNORD78	Upregulation	unknown	promoted the cell proliferation invasion and EMT process	[57]
	SNORA71A	Upregulation	MAPK/MEK/ERK	Promote the cell proliferation, invasion, and migration	[58]
	SNORA47	Upregulation	PI3K/Akt/EMT	Promote cell proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT process and inhibit apoptosis	[95]
	snoRNA U3	Upregulation	P53	Involve in pre-rRNA processing and required for in vitro and in vivo tumorigenesis	[96]
	snoRNA U8	Upregulation
	SNORA42	Upregulation	P53	Promote cell proliferation, migration, invasion and xenograft growth in vivo	[97]
Colorectal cancer	SNORD1C	Upregulation	Wnt/β-catenin	Promote cell proliferation, migration, invasion and inhibit apoptosis and enhance cancer cell stemness	[61]
	SNORA21	Upregulation	Hippo signaling pathway and Wnt signaling pathway	Promote cell proliferation	[62]
	SNORD78	Upregulation	Regulate the expression of EIF4A3 and LAMC2 in a ZFAS1-dependent manner	Promote the development of CRC	[63]
	SNORD12C	Upregulation
	SNORD126	Upregulation	FGFR2, PI3K-AKT/GSK-3β, p70S6K	Promote cell growth	[80]
	snoRNA U44	Upregulation	P53	Involve in p53-regulated cellular response to DNA damage	[98]
	snoRNA U47	Upregulation
Gastric cancer	SNORD105B	Upregulation	ALDOA / C-myc	Promote cell proliferation, migration and invasion	[65, 66]
	SNORA21	Upregulation	unknown	Be associated with increased lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis	[67]
Breast cancer	snoRNA U50	Downregulation	Methylation of C2848 in 28 S rRNA	Inhibit cell colony formation	[71, 72]
	SNORD50A/B	Upregulation	TRIM21-GMPS/P53	Enhance malignant phenotypes in p53wt breast cancer cells, while inhibit malignant phenotypes in p53mt breast cancer cells	[73]
	SNORA73A/B	Upregulation	PARP-1/mediate ADPRylation of DDX21	Promote cell proliferation	[74]
	SNORA74A	Upregulation
	SNORA71A	Upregulation	G3BP1/ROCK2	Promote EMT process	[75]
	SNORA71B	Upregulation	Unknown	Promote cell proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT process	[99]
	SNORA7B	Upregulation	unknown	Be related to poor prognosis for BC and promote cell proliferation, migration, invasion	[100]
Hepatocellular carcinoma	SNORD126	Upregulation	FGFR2, PI3K-AKT/GSK-3β, p70S6K	Promote cell growth	[80]
	snoRNA U2_19	Upregulation	Wnt/β-catenin	Promote cell proliferation and inhibit apoptosis	[81]
	SNORD52	Upregulation	CDK1	Be related to poor prognosis and promote cell proliferation	[82]
	SNORD17	Upregulation	P53	Promote the growth and tumorigenicity of HCC cells	[83]
	SNORD105	Upregulation	unknown	Increase cell viability and motility	[84]
	SNORA42	Upregulation	P53	Promote cell proliferation, migration, invasion and inhibit apoptosis	[85]
	SNORD113-1	Downregulation	TGF-β、MAPK-ERK pathways	Suppress HCC tumorigenesis	[86]
	ACA11	Upregulation	PI3K/AKT	Promote cell growth, migration, invasion and induce EMT process	[101]
	SNORA18L5	Upregulation	P53	Promote cell proliferation and inhibit apoptosis	[102]
	SNORD126	Upregulation	hnRNPK, FGFR2, PI3K-AKT	Promote HCC tumorigenesis in vitro and in vivo	[81]
	SNORA47	Upregulation	unknown	Promote cell proliferation, migration, invasion and inhibit apoptosis	[103]
	SNORD76	Upregulation	Wnt/β-catenin	Promote cell growth and induce EMT process	[104]
	SNORA42	Upregulation	P53	Promote cell proliferation, migration, invasion and inhibit apoptosis	[85]
	SNORA23	Downregulation	Impairing the 2′-O-ribose methylation of 28 S rRNA	Inhibit cell proliferation, migration and invasion	[105]
Ovarian cancer	SNORA72	Upregulation	Notch1/c-Myc	Induce the stemness of OC	[89]
	SNORD89	Upregulation	Notch1/c-Myc	Promote cell proliferation, migration and invasion	[90]
Leukemia	SNORD114-1	Ectopically expressed at the DLK1-DIO3	Rb/p16	Implicate in the G0/G1 to S phase transition	[92]
	SNORD42A	Upregulation in AML	Increase the 2′-O-methylation level of U116	Promote cell proliferation and colony-forming ability	[93]