Table 1.
Description and characteristics of the polysaccharides used in the study.
| Name | Mannan | 1,3–1,6-β-glucan | 1,3-β-glucan | 1,6-β-glucan |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aliases | NA | β-1,3/1,6-glucan | Curdlan, β-1,3-glucan hydrate | Pustulan, β(1 → 6)-glucan |
| Trade name | Mannan from Saccharomyces cerevisiae—prepared by alkaline extraction | Glucan from baker’s yeast (S. cerevisiae) | Beta-1,3-glucan from Alcaligenes faecalis | Dectin-1 agonist - beta-glucan from Lasallia pustulata |
| Catalog number | M7504 | G5011 | tlrl-curd | tlrl-pst |
| CAS numbera | 9036-88-8 | 9012-72-0 | 54724-00-4 | 37331-28-5 |
| Manufacturer | Sigma-Aldrich | Sigma-Aldrich | InvivoGen | InvivoGen |
| Molecular weight | 34.0–62.5 kDa50 | 35–5000 kDa51 | High molecular weighta Usually 66–680 kDa52 | 20 kDaa |
| Polymer structure | Branched | Branched | Linear | Linear |
| O-glycosidic linkages in glucans | NA | 1 → 3 and 1 → 6 | 1 → 3 | 1 → 6 |
| Puritya | ≥99.9% | ≥98.00% | Not determined | Not determined |
| Solubility in watera | ca.50 g/l | 9.80–10.20 mg/ml | Insoluble | Insoluble |
| Solubility (turbidity)a | Clear to slightly hazy | Turbid with insolubles | Non-homogenous suspension with gelatinous precipitates | Non-homogenous suspension with gelatinous precipitates |
| Preparation for in vivo administration | Dissolved in PBS 10–20 mg/ml | Suspended in PBS ≤5 mg/ml | Suspended in PBS ≤ 3 mg/ml | Suspended in PBS ≤3 mg/ml |
| Additional Notes | Impurity (by TLC) ≤ 0.1%a | NA | The presence of bacterial contamination (e.g., lipoproteins and endotoxins) has been assessed using HEK-Blue™ TLR2 and HEK-Blue™ TLR4 cells. Curdlan induces TLR2 and TLR4 activity when used at concentrations higher than 100 µg/mla | The presence of bacterial contamination (e.g., lipoproteins and endotoxins) has been assessed using HEK-Blue™ TLR2 and HEK-Blue™ TLR4 cells. Latest batch activated TLR2 at 100 µg/ml and TLR4 at 30 µg/ml and 10 µg/ml resulted in only weak activation of both.a |
NA not applicable.
aInformation from the manufacturer.