TABLE 1.
Participants’ perception about the assumed relationships between mental symptoms.
| Symptom pairs | Correct or suggested answers | Incorrect answers |
| Q5: “sleep too much” and “insomnia” | (1) Same role | (2) Opposite |
| N | 9 | 5 |
| % | 64.29% | 35.71% |
| Solution: “sleep too much” and “insomnia” are two symptoms that constitute a criterion in the minor criteria for the diagnosis of major depressive | ||
| episodes and dysthymic disorder | ||
| Q6: “decreased need for sleep” and “insomnia” | (1) Different roles | (2) Same role |
| N | 7 | 7 |
| % | 50% | 50% |
| Solution: “decreased need for sleep” is a symptom in the minor criteria for the diagnosis of manic episodes; “insomnia” is a symptom in the minor | ||
| criteria for the diagnosis of major depressive episodes and dysthymic disorder | ||
| Q7: “depressed mood” and “diminished interest or pleasure” | (1) Different roles | (2) Same role |
| N | 7 | 7 |
| % | 50% | 50% |
| Solution: “depressed mood” is a symptom in the major criteria and “diminished interest or pleasure” is a symptom in the minor criteria for the | ||
| diagnosisof major depressive episodes | ||
| Q8: “unintentional weight loss” and “unintentional weight gain” | (1) Same role | (2) Different roles |
| N | 9 | 5 |
| % | 64.29% | 35.71% |
| Solution: “unintentional weight loss” and “unintentional weight gain” are two symptoms that constitute a criterion in the minor criteria for the | ||
| diagnosis of major depressive episodes | ||
| Q9: “poor appetite” and “overeating” | (1) Same role | (2) Different roles |
| N | 9 | 5 |
| % | 64.29% | 35.71% |
| Solutions: “poor appetite” and “overeating” are two symptoms that constitute a criterion in the minor criteria for the diagnosis of dysthymic disorder | ||
| Q10: “poor concentration” and “distractibility” | (1) Different roles | (2) Same role |
| N | 7 | 7 |
| % | 50% | 50% |
| Solution: “poor concentration” is a symptom in the minor criteria for the diagnosis of dysthymic disorder; “distractibility” is a symptom in the minor | ||
| criteria for the diagnosis of manic episodes | ||
| Q5–Q10 | All correct | Incorrect, at least once |
| N | 4 | 10 |
| % | 28.57% | 71.43% |
Diagnostic criteria of major depressive episodes, dysthymic disorder, and manic episodes based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, Text Revision (29).