Table 1.
Some major surgical landmarks and their functions for transcortical approaches.
| Approach | |||
| Frontal | Gyrus Rectus, Distal AntComA | ||
| Caudate nucleus | Bottom up attention (goal directed), memory, learning, sleep, emotion, language | ||
| Fornix | Memory | ||
| Inferior Frontal Gyrus (pars opercularisandriangularis) | Langage (If), theory of mind (bilat), visuospatial cognition (rt) | ||
| Anterior perforate substance Optic tract Precentral gyrus Broadman 44 | Corticospinal tract vascular supply | ||
| Temporal | Crus cerebri, pca, uncus | ||
| Lateral sulcus | |||
| Optic radiation Hippocampus | Optic pathway Memory pathway |
||
| Visual word form area | Identifying words | ||
| Arcuate fasciculus | Language (It), visuospatial cognition (rt) | ||
| IFOF cuneus | Language (It), visuospatial (rt) | ||
| Parietal superior | Superior anastomotic vein (trolard) | ||
| Postcentral gyrus | Sensitive patnway | ||
| Parietal operculum | Sensitive pathway | ||
| Heschl's gyrus | Connection speech | ||
| Superior longitudinal fasciculus Ill | Language (It), visuospatial (rt) | ||
| Arcuate fasciculus Language | Language (It), visuospatial (rt) | ||
| Insula | Periinsular sulcus | ||
| Lenticular nucleus | |||
| Arcuate fasciculus (lat to claustrum) | Language (If), visuospatial (rt) | ||
| IFOF (btw claustrum and putamen) | Language (If), visuospatial (rt) | ||
| Veins | Vein of Labbé (inferior anastomotic vein) | Temporoparietal drainage | |
| Basal vein of Rosenthal | |||
| Superficial sylvian vein | |||
| Superior sagittal sinus and another main sinuses | main venous drainage | ||
| Arteries | ICA and main branches | ||
| Basiler arter and main branches | |||