Table 1.
Antitumor effects of AgNPs
| S.No. | Types of Silver nanoparticles Used | Model used | Outcome | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | Green synthesis of AgNPs using Ganoderma neo-japonicum Imazeki | Breast cancer cell lines | AgNP increased the production of hydroxyl radical and reactive oxygen species by inhibiting the cell viability. They play a prime role in apoptosis by activation of caspase 9 and DNA nuclear fragmentation. | Gurunathan et al., [116] |
| 2. | Green synthesis of AgNPs using Escherichia fergusoni | Breast cancer MCF 7 cell lines | Cytotoxicity effects of bio synthesized AgNP reduced the activation of LDH, increases the ROS production and results in apoptosis. | Gurunathan et al., [117] |
| 3. | Green synthesis of AgNPs using sucrose | Malignant skin melanoma (HT144 cell line) and squamous cell lung carcinoma (H157 cell line) | Observed a prominent antitumor activity against vincristine and methotrexate. | Nazir et al.,[118] |
| 4. | Green synthesis of AgNPs using Taraxacum officinale | Liver hepatocellular carcinoma in HepG2 cell line | Possess an enhanced activity against the commercial AgNP and in increased cytotoxic effects against HepG2 cell line | Saratale et al.,[119] |
| 5. | Chemical biosynthesis of AgNPs using phycocyanin extracted from Nostoc linckia as reducing agent | Human breast adenocarcinoma | Observed a significant cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 cell line with the inhibitory concentration (IC50) of about 27.79±2.3 μg/ml | Naggar et al.,[120] |
| 6. | Green synthesis of AgNPs using Sargassum vulgare | Human myeloblastic leukaemia in HL60 and HeLa cells | Prevents carcinogenesis related with irradiation by inhibiting lipid peroxidation – mediated reactive oxygen species generation which leads to apoptosis. | Govindaraju et al., [121] |
| 7. | Green synthesis of AgNPs using Piper longum leaf | Hep 2 cell line | Observed effective cytotoxic effect of 94.02% at 500 μg/ml due to formation of ROS. | Jacob et al., [122] |
| 8. | Green synthesis of AgNPs using Inonotus obliquus extract | Human lung cancer in A549 cell line and breast cancer in MCF -7 cell line. | Cell lines shows significant cytotoxic effects. | Nagajyothi et al., [123] |
| 9. | Green synthesis of AgNPs using Commelina nudiflora | HCT-116 Colon cancer cell line. | AgNP showed less toxicity when compared with AuNP and inhibitory concentration (IC50) was 100 μg/ml. | Kuppusamy et al., [124] |
| 10. | Green synthesis of AgNPs using Melia dubia leaf | Human breast cancer cell line (KB) | The inhibitory concentration (IC50) was 31.2 μg/ml. | Kathiravan et al., [125] |
| 11. | Green synthesis of AgNPs using Dimocarpus longan Lour | H1299 lung cancer cell line. | Possess inhibitory effect with (IC50) value of 5.33±0.37 μg/ml and suppress the growth of H1299 tumours in SCID mice. | He et al., [126] |
| 12. | Cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplantium II) bound bio AgNPs using Penicillium, Fusarium and Aspergillus. | Prostate cancer cell line (PC -3). | Decreases the toxic effects and increases the efficacy against human prostate cancer | El-Sheikh et al., [127] |
| 13. | Green synthesis of AgNPs using root extract of Erythrina indica | Breast and lung cancer cell line (MCF-7 and HEP G2). | Viability of the cells decreased with increase in concentration of AgNP. At 25μg/ml, the viability percentage is 23.89±0.39 for MCF-7 cell line and 13.86±0.95 for HEP G2 cell line. This root mediated synthesis plays a role in cancer chemotherapy and chemoprevention. | Sre et al., [128] |
| 14. | Green synthesis of AgNPs using Acalypha indica leaves extract. | Human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells | Four different concentrations were used, such as, 1, 10, 50, 100 µg/ml, in which 100 µg/ml AgNP exposed toxicity to some extent. | Krishnaraj.C et al., [129] |
| 15. | Green synthesis of AgNPs using leaf extract of mistletoe Dendrophthoe falcata (L.f) Ettingsh | Human breast carcinoma (MCF-7 cells) | At merest dosage of 5 μg/ml, of fabricated AgNP they observed the enhanced cytotoxic effect. This concentration is the IC50 value. | Sathishkumar et al., [130] |
| 16. | Green synthesis of AgNPs using Datura inoxia leaves. | Human breast cancer (MCF-7 cell line) | The inhibitory concentration at 50% (IC50) was 20 μg/ml. It also seizes the cell cycle phase, suppresses the growth, finally induces apoptosis and exhibits the antiproliferative activity against MCF -7 cell line. | Gajendran et al., [131] |
| 17. | Green Synthesis of AgNPs using Clinacanthus Nutans leaves extract. | Oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line (HSC-4) | Observed a prominent cytotoxic effect at the concentration of 1.61 ±0.14 μg/ml by repressing the release of Bcl-2 protein. | Yakop et al., [132] |
| 18. | Green synthesis of AgNPs using Pimpinella anisum seeds | Human neonatal skin stromal cells (hSSCs) and colon cancer cells (HT115) | Observed lower cytotoxicity for bio-synthesized AgNP of about 51.39% in comparison with chemically synthesized one that showed 85.45%. And it is useful in pharmacological applications for producing nanodrugs. | AlSalhi et al., [133] |
| 19. | Biosynthesized AgNPs using aqueous fruit extract of Chaenomeles sinensis (CS) | Human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) | At concentration of 0.01 μg/ml, the viability percentage of cells was remarkably reduced. | Keun Hyun Oh et al., [134] |
| 20. | Green synthesis of AgNPs using Saccharomyces boulardii | Human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) | IC50 of bio-synthesized AgNP was about less than 10 μg/ml. This indicated that AgNP with low concentration exhibited almost 80% of inhibition of the cancer cells. They observed no significant changes in the higher concentration (10-100 μg/ml) | Kaler et al., [135] |
| 21. | Green synthesis of AgNPs using Indigofera tinctoria leaf extract | Lung cancer cell line (A549) | IC50 value of AgNP-tinctoria was71.92 ±0.76 μg/ml. This is because of the NPs induced ROS. | Vijayan et al., [136] |
| 22. | PVP coated AgNPs | Human lung cancer cell line (Alveolar cell line A549) |
1. Ag+ with 0-10 μg/ml and AgNP with 0-20 μg/ml concentration exhibited similar toxic effects and a decrease in mitochondrial function. 2. Study showed that oxidative stress was induced by both AgNP and Ag+ by correlating with geno and cytotoxicity. |
Foldbjerg et al., [137] |
| 23. | Green synthesis of AgNPs using aqueous extract of Phyllanthus emblica (PE) fruit. | Laryngeal carcinoma cells (Hep2 cell line) | Observed a potent cytotoxic effect, the IC50 value of PE alone was 30 μg/ml and PE-AgNP was 20 μg/ml. | Rosarin et al., [138] |
| 24. | Green synthesis of AgNPs using Padina tetrastromatica seaweed extract | Human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) | With increased concentration, the percentage of inhibition increased. The bio-AgNP showed a value of IC50 as 86.7 μg/ml and AgNP value was 200 μg/ml. The observed cytotoxicity effect of AgNP was because of caspase 3 mediated apoptosis. | Selvi et al., [139] |
| 25. | Green synthesis of AgNPs using leaves of Vitex negundo | Human colon cancer (HCT15 cell line) | Proliferation of HCT-15 was inhibited with a concentration of 20 μg/ml (IC50) at 48h incubation. They exhibited a antiproliferative effect by seizing the G0/G1- phase and induced programmed apoptosis. | Prabhu et al., [140] |
| 26. | Green synthesis of AgNPs using Artemisia turcomanica leaf extract | Gastric cancer (AGS cell line) | The IC50 value of bio-synthesized AgNP was 4.88 μg/ml and commercial AgNP showed a value of 6.37 μg/ml. This study inferred that least concentration of bio-AgNP was sufficient to inhibit the cell growth when compared with commercial AgNP. | Mousavi et al., [141] |
| 27. | Green synthesis of AgNPs using Bacillus licheniformis in tumour bearing mice. | Dalton’s lymphoma ascites (DLA cell line) | Observed a prominent decrease in tumour volume from 7.3ml to 2.6ml in the group of mice treated with AgNP with the concentration of 500 μg/ml in about 15 days. | Sriram et al., [142] |
| 28. | Chemical synthesis of AgNPs. | Glioma (U251 glioblastoma cells) | AgNP exhibited better inhibition over U251 glioma cells in comparison to AuNP. The IC50 of AgNP was 75.9 μg/ml. | Liu et al., [143] |
| 29. | Metal silver and PVP coated AgNPs on tumor bearing mice | Lymphoma | 70% and 60% of mice survived at the day 35 with the metal silver and PVP AgNP administered at day 0. | Lara-Gonzalez et al., [144] |
| 30. | Poly vinyl pyrrolidone -coated nano silver (PVP-AgNP) and bare nano silver (AgNP) | Human hepatoma cell line (HepG2 cell line) and mice. |
1. AgNP caused more DNA damage to HepG2 cells than PVP-AgNP, whereas PVP-AgNP possessed more chromosomal aberration in comparison to AgNP. 2. At the highest dose of 250 mg/mL, they observed no inhibitory effects in the bone marrow cells of mice. |
Wang et al., [145] |
| 31. | Green synthesis of AgNPs using curcumin derivative (ST06) | Cervical cancer in HeLa cell line and EAC (Ehrlich Ascites carcinoma) tumour bearing mice. |
1. At a concentration of 1 μg/ml of ST06 and 1 μg/ml of ST06-AgNP, 50% of the cells were killed in a HeLa cell line. 2. Inferred that at the concentration of 5 μg/ml (ST06-AgNP) intraperitoneally inhibited the tumour growth in a tumour bearing mice which did not affect the body weight. |
Murugesan et al., [146] |
| 32. | Green synthesis of AgNPs using Spinacia oleracea leaves. | Myoblast cancer (mouse C2 C12 cell and in zebra fish) |
1. AgNP showed 100% inhibition of growth at low concentration of about 20 μg/ml and AgNP, at a concentration of 100 μg/ml exhibited 20% viability of cells, whereas the plant extract did not possess any significant cytotoxic effects against C2 C12 cell. 2. In zebrafish embryo, AgNP was more toxic and exhibited 100% mortality at concentration of 3 μg/ml and AuNP showed the 100% mortality only at higher concentration of 300 mg/ml. Moreover, plant extract did not cause any mortality. |
Ramachandran et al., [147] |
| 33. | Green synthesis of AgNPs using poisonous plant Cleistanthus collinus extract. | Lung cancer cell line (A549 cell line) and mice. |
1. Poisonous plant at a finite dosage was used as an anticancer agent. The inhibitory concentration (IC50) was found to be 30 μg/ml. 2. In vivo histopathological findings in mice treated with bio-synthesized AgNP did not show any edema or inflammation in the organs. Thus, it could be used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. |
Kanipandian et al., [148] |
| 34. | Green synthesis of AgNPs using Teucrium polium leaf extract | Human gastric cancer (MNK45 cell line) | The IC50 value of T. polium-AgNP is 68.2 μg/ml after 48h exposure. | Hashemi et al., [149] |
| 35. | Green synthesis of AgNPs using Albizia adianthifolia leaf extract. | Lung cancer (A549 cell line) | Observed significant cytotoxic effect and the cell viability percentage was 79% and 27% in the concentration of 10 μg/ml and 50 μg/ml, respectively. | Gengen et al.,[150] |
| 36. | Green synthesis of AgNPs using aqueous extract of Punica granatum | Lung cancer (A549 cell line) | Possessed cytotoxic effect to cancer cells but not to the normal cells. Potent cytotoxicity i.e.,50% growth inhibition was observed after 48h at a concentration of 5 μg/ml. | Annu et al., [151] |
| 37. | Green synthesis of AgNPs using walnut fruits (Juglans regia) | Breast cancer (MCF-7) | Observed a significant cytotoxic effect at the concentration of 60 μg/ml as 70% and 42% for AgNP and extract, respectively. | Khorrami et al,[152] |
| 38. | Green synthesis of AgNPs using Aspergillus niger | Human colon cancer (HT29 cell line) | Highest cell viability percentage was at 10 μg/ml and lowest at 160 μg/ml with exposure time of 24-72h by exhibiting ROS mediated apoptosis. | Chengzheng et al., [153] |
| 39. | Green synthesis of AgNPs using alcoholic extract of Argemone Mexicana leaves. | Cervical cancer (SiHa human cervical cancer cell line) | Observed a decrease in percentage of cell viability (70-80%) with the concentration of 100μg/ml. | Jha et al., [154] |
| 40. | Green synthesis of AgNPs using Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Thyroid cancer (TCL1 cell line) | IC50 value was observed as 48.5 μg/ml by increasing the lipid peroxidation, decreasing the mitochondrial membrane potential, reducing antioxidants and finally cell condensation took place. | Yang et al., [155] |
| 41. | Green synthesis of AgNPs using the extract of red sea weed Pterocladiella capillacea | Human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2 cell line) | Infers that the level of cytotoxicity increased with higher concentration. Untreated cells were used as negative control. The 50% of cell inhibition (IC50) occurred at 3.7 μg/ml of concentration. | El Kassas et al.,[156] |