Table 2.

Summary description of included studies

Descriptive characteristic	Number of papers a
Year of Publication (range)
1990-1999	11
2000-2009	23
2010-2020	9
Countryb
USA	31
Canada	6
Japan	3
South Africa	2
Netherlands	2
Australia	1
Qatarc	1
Singaporec	1
UAEc	1
Publication Type
Opinion paper/commentd	21
Primary research article	22
Research Paradigm
Quantitative	16
Qualitative	4
Mixed	2
N/A	21
Source of Informatione
Clinician teachers/educators (clinical faculty with a primary focus on clinical service and teaching/education)	12
Expert opinion (e.g., faculty with clinical experiences)	21
Trainees (medical students, residents)	7
Organizational leaders/decision-makers (e.g., deans, promotion committee chairs, clinical department heads)	5

^aNumber of papers indicates those papers in which each characteristic was reported

^bFour of the references originated out of multiple countries

^cOne of the references¹⁰⁵ includes a multi-site study that reports findings from three countries in Asia.

^dNLM refers to commentary, editorial comment, viewpoint, perspective type papers as work consisting of a critical/explanatory note written to discuss, support, or dispute other works previously published

^eThe source of information refers to the target participants in primary research articles (e.g., clinician teachers) and to the authors of position papers. Three of the references had more than one source of information.