Summary of findings 4. Summary of findings table ‐ Ambulation compared to non‐ambulation for women having medical abortion before 14 weeks? gestation.
| Ambulation compared to non‐ambulation for women having medical abortion before 14 weeks' gestation | ||||||
| Patient or population: women having medical abortion before 14 weeks' gestation Setting: clinic, UK Intervention: ambulation Comparison: non‐ambulation | ||||||
| Outcomes | Anticipated absolute effects* (95% CI) | Relative effect (95% CI) | № of participants (studies) | Certainty of the evidence (GRADE) | Comments | |
| Risk with non‐ambulation | Risk with ambulation | |||||
| Pain score | The mean pain score was 2.4 out of 5 | MD 0.1 out of 5 higher (0.26 lower to 0.46 higher) | ‐ | 130 (1 observational study) | ⊕⊝⊝⊝ Very lowa,b | |
| Gastrointestinal side effects (nausea) ‐ not reported | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | |
| Gastrointestinal side effects (vomiting) ‐ not reported | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | |
| Gastrointestinal side effects (diarrhoea) ‐ not reported | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | |
| Complete abortion rate | Not pooled | Not pooled | Not pooled | (1 observational study) | ⊕⊝⊝⊝ Very lowa,c | Complete abortion rate 100% in both study groups |
| Induction to expulsion interval | The mean induction to expulsion interval was 233 minutes | MD 2.3 minutes lower (38.78 lower to 34.18 higher) | ‐ | 130 (1 observational study) | ⊕⊝⊝⊝ Very lowa,b | |
| Unscheduled contact with care ‐ not reported | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | |
| Patient satisfaction with analgesia ‐ not reported | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | |
| Patient satisfaction with abortion care overall ‐ not reported | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | |
| *The risk in the intervention group (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI). CI: confidence interval; MD: mean difference; OR: odds ratio | ||||||
| GRADE Working Group grades of evidence High certainty: we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect. Moderate certainty: we are moderately confident in the effect estimate: the true effect is likely to be close to the estimate of the effect, but there is a possibility that it is substantially different. Low certainty: our confidence in the effect estimate is limited: the true effect may be substantially different from the estimate of the effect. Very low certainty: we have very little confidence in the effect estimate: the true effect is likely to be substantially different from the estimate of effect. | ||||||
| See interactive version of this table: https://gdt.gradepro.org/presentations/#/isof/isof_question_revman_web_419478490479686846. | ||||||
a Downgraded 2 levels for risk of bias: high risk of bias from confounding and participant selection. b Downgraded 2 levels for imprecision: small sample size and the 95% confidence intervals include no effect. c Downgraded 1 level for imprecision: small sample size.