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. 2022 Apr 29;13:880625. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.880625

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Copyright © 2022 Fortino, Wageh, Pontello, McGlory, Kumbhare, Phillips and Parise.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Changes in CXCL8 (A), CCL2 (B), IL-6 (C), TNFα (D), and CD11b (E) mRNA expression before (pre-) and 48 h (post) following eccentric damage. Fold changes for mRNA expression were calculated using the 2^−ΔΔC_t method with genes of interest normalized to GAPDH. ^* indicates significant effect of time (p < 0.05). ^# indicates significant time × group interaction; an increase from pre-exercise value is smaller in females compared with males (p < 0.05).