Table 1.

Coronavirus structural and non-structural proteins.

	Protein	Function
Structural	S	Cellular attachment and internalization of the virus [15]
	E	Assembly of virions [16]
	N	Package of the viral genome [17]
	M	Assembly of virions and possible ion channel activity [16]
Non-structural	NSP1	Inhibitor of host gene expression [18]
	NSP2	Disruption of intracellular host signalling [19]
	NSP3	Polyprotein processing [20]; Replication organelle formation
	NSP4	Viral replication-transcription complex [21]
	NSP5	Main protease [12]
	NSP6	Autophagy lysosome delivery [22]; Replication organelle formation
	NSP7	Subunit of the RdRP holoenzyme; Forms complex with NSP8 and NSP12 [23]
	NSP8	Subunit of the RdRP holoenzyme; Makes heterodimer with NSP7 and NSP12 [23]
	NSP9	Viral replication
	NSP10	Assembly of a functional replication and transcription complex; Stimulates NSP14 and NSP16 activities [24]
	NSP11	Unknown
	NSP12	RNA-dependent RNA polymerase [25]
	NSP13	RNA helicase, involved in replication and transcription [26]
	NSP14	Proofreading 3′-5′ exoribonuclease [12]
	NSP15	Endoribonuclease [12]
	NSP16	Mediates mRNA cap 2′-O-ribose methylation to the 5′-cap structure of viral mRNAs [24]