Table 5.
Multivariable logistic regression analysis for chronic diseases and serum 25(OH)D (contentious) in a predefined model.
| CDs | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (SE) | 95% CI | p-Value | ||
| S-25(OH)D, nmol/L | 1 nmol/L | 1.007 (0.004) | 1.00, 1.01 | 0.070 |
| Immigration status | Immigrants | 0.40 (0.09) | 0.25, 0.63 | <0.001 |
| Age, years | 1 year | 1.02 (0.008) | 1.00, 1.04 | 0.024 |
| Sex | Female | 0.86 (0.18) | 0.56, 1.33 | 0.494 |
| Household income, CAD (reference < 50,000) | 50,000–100,000 | 0.61 (0.11) | 0.42, 0.88 | 0.011 |
| ≥100,000 | 0.56 (0.15) | 0.32, 0.99 | 0.046 | |
| Ethnic group | Non-white | 1.00 (0.29) | 0.54, 1.86 | 0.998 |
| BMI, kg/m2 (reference normal weight) | Obese | 1.92 (0.47) | 1.15, 3.20 | 0.014 |
| Met physical activity recommendations | No | 0.80 (0.21) | 0.46, 1.38 | 0.408 |
| Education | ≤Secondary school | 0.97 (0.19) | 0.69, 1.39 | 0.841 |
| Smoking status | Current smoker | 1.45 (0.34) | 0.89, 2.36 | 0.126 |
| Alcohol | Current drinker | 0.64 (0.17) | 0.37, 1.12 | 0.114 |
| VitD supplement or analog use | Yes | 0.83 (0.25) | 0.45, 1.54 | 0.540 |
| HbA1c (%) | 1% | 2.63 (0.37) | 1.96, 3.51 | <0.001 |
| IgE (IU/mL) | 1 IU/mL | 1.01 (0.00) | 1.00, 1.001 | 0.001 |
| TC/HDL ratio | Ratio | 0.98 (0.10) | 0.80, 1.21 | 0.843 |
| hs-CRP mg/L | 1 mg/L | 1.01 (0.04) | 0.92, 1.10 | 0.889 |
| Ferritin (µg/L) | 1 µg/L | 1.00 (0.00) | 1.00, 1.001 | 0.380 |
| Hb (g/L) | 1 g/L | 0.98 (0.01) | 0.97, 1.00 | 0.060 |
| Constant | 0.005 (0.01) | 0.000, 0.10 | 0.001 | |
CDs (chronic diseases): at least one of the listed CDs (diabetes, heart disease, cancer, asthma, and inflammatory lung diseases). Adjusted for immigration status, age, sex, household income, education, ethnicity, BMI, physical activity, smoking behavior, alcohol consumption, vitD supplement use, HbA1c (glycated hemoglobin), TC/HDL-R (total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio), Hb (hemoglobin), ferritin, IgE (immunoglobulin E), and hs-CRP (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein).