Table 1.
Summary of eligible studies and their main findings. Values are given as mean (range) unless mentioned otherwise.
| Author/Setting/Year | Number of Patients (% Women) |
Age (Years) |
Preoperative Curve | Final Curve | Length of Follow-Up (Years) |
Complications (%) |
Main Findings/Conclusion |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abdullah [35]/Multi-center register study/2021 | 120 (84.2%) | 12.6 (8.2–15.7) | 51.2 (40–70) | 27.5 (−5–52) | 2 | 15.8 | Higher than expected complication rate during learning curve. |
| Alanay [28]/Single-center/2020 | 42 (95.2) | 12.1 (SD 1.5) | 47 (35–68) | 17 (−6–28) | 2.8 | 7.1 | Curve behavior after VBT varied according to Sanders stage. |
| Baker [36]/Single-center/2021 | 17 (70.6) | 12.9 (SD 1.4) | 45 (35–60) | 20 (−40–25) | 2 | 23.5 | The majority of patients (53%) were successful despite four revisions and nine broken tethers. |
| Baroncini [31]/2 centers/2021 | 86 (83.7) | 13.2 (SD 2.4) | 52.4 (SD 13.9) | 26.6 (SD 12.7) | 2 | 8.1 | The majority of the patients had a physiologic sagittal profile after surgery. |
| Bernard [37]/Single center/2022 | 20 (95.0) | 13.8 (9–17) | 56.5 (40–79) | 19.4 (−17–56) | 5.4 | 15 | High success rate (95%) in helping children avoid fusion at five years post-surgery. |
| Betz [38]/Single center/2019 | 71 (83.1) | 14.5 | N/A | N/A | 2 | 4.2 | Results of showed clinical success in 93% of immature patients, 81% of maturing, and 86% of mature patients. |
| Buyuk [39]/ Single center/2021 | 32 (93.8) | 13 (11–15) | 51 (42–70) | 26 (7–43) | 1 | 9.4 | Particularly, sagittal plane motion was preserved postoperatively after anterior vertebral body tethering. |
| Cebeci [40]/ Single center/2017 | 12 (100) | 12.2 (11–13) | 46 (35–59) | 18 (6–26) | 2 | 0 | VBT resulted in a significant correction in both major and compensatory curves. |
| Costanzo [41]/Single center/2022 | 23 (82.6) | 12 (9–14) | 56.5 (33–79) | 37 (15–58) | 2 | 8.7 | Initial results were encouraging. |
| Hegde [30]/Single center/2021 | 10 (100) | 14.9 (12–17) | 52 (42–80) | 15.3 (3–28) | 2 | 0 | Preliminary experience was promising. |
| Mackey [42]/Multicenter/2022 | 37 (97.3) | 11.3 (IQR 10.9–11.8) | 50 (IQR 43.5–58) | 28 (IQR 21–35) | 3 | 27 | Satisfactory curve control and improved thoracic and spinal height. |
| Miyanji [27]/Multicenter/2020 | 57 (94.7) | 12.7 (8.2–16.7) | 51 (31–81) | 23 (−18–57) | 3.4 | 28.1 | Satisfactory curve correction and an acceptable complication rate in skeletally immature patients. |
| Mladenov [43]/Single center/2021 | 20 (70.0) | 13.4 (11.5–14.5) | 46.5 (29–64) | 23 (8–38) | 1.6 | 5 | Anticipated curve correction averaged 50%. |
| Newton [44]/Single center/2020 | 23 (69.6) | 12 (9–15) | 53 (41–67) | 33 (−5–62) | 3.4 | 39.1 | AVBT resulted in less deformity correction and more revision procedures than PSF, but resulted in the delay or prevention of PSF in the majority of patients. |
| Pehlivanoglu [45]/Single center/2020 | 21 (71.4) | 11.1 (9–14) | 48.2 (IQR 44–52.1) | 10.1 (IQR 7.7–11.2) | 2.3 | 9.5 | AVBT was a safe and effective option in skeletally immature patients with AIS. |
| Rushton [46]/2 centers/2021 | 112 (92.9) | 12.7 (8.2–16.7) | 50.8 (31–81) | 25.7 (−32–58) | 3.1 | 22 | Satisfactory deformity correction in majority of cases. |
| Samdani [47]/Single center / 2021 | 57 (86.0) | 12.4 (10.1–15.0) | 40.4 (SD 6.8) | 18.7 (SD 13.4) | 4.6 | 12.3 | Our current study suggested VBT as a viable option for skeletally immature children with scoliosis. |
| Takahashi [24]/ Single center / 2021 | 23 (69.6) | 12.2 (SD 1.6) | 53 (SD 8) | N/A | 3.4 | 30.4 | Correction occurred primarily within 2 to 3 years after surgery. |
| Wong [48]/Single center/2019 | 5 (100) | 12 (9–12) | 40.1 (37.2–44.0) | 25 (−12.4–58) | 4 | 40 | Of all patients, 60% avoided spinal fusion. |
| Yucekul [49]/Single center/2021 | 28 (82.1) | 12.2 (10–14) | 46 (SD 7.7) | 12 (SD 11.5) | 3.2 | 28.6 | Intermediate discs and facet joints were preserved after growth modulation with VBT surgery. |
IQR—interquartile range, N/A—not available, and SD—standard deviation.