Table 3.

Essential oil plants, species, and main components, and their molecular structure and biological properties.

Plant	Species	EO Major Components	Chemical Structures of EOs Components	Some Biological Properties
Bay Laurel	Laurus nobilis	Cineol, pinene, linalool, terpineol acetate, methyleugenol		Antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, insect repellent
Citronella	Cymbopogon nardus	geraniol, citronellal, geranyl acetate, limonene, camphene		Antimicrobial, antifungal, antioxidant, antibacterial, insect and stimulate repellent
Hops	Humulus lupulus	Humulene, myrcene, caryophyllene, farnesene		Antibacterial, antifungal, anti-cancer, repellent
Lemon Balm	Melissa officinalis	Geraniol, citral, citronellol, eugenol, linalyl acetate		Antibacterial, antifungal, antimicrobial, sedative, antipyretic, antispasmodic, anti-hypertensive, anti-Alzheimer, antiseptic
Neem	Azadirachta indica	Azadiractin		Insecticide, antiviral, antibacterial, antimicrobial
Pennyroyal	Mentha Pulegium	Pulegone, menthol, iso-mentone, octanol, piperitenone, trans-iso-pulegone		Insect repellent, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-tumour
Star Anise	Illicium verum	Trans-anethole		Antimicrobial, antioxidant, diuretic, anti-cancer potential, insect repellent
Valerian	Valeriana officinalis	Borneol, camphene, α and β-pinene, valeranone, valerenol		Antibacterial, antimicrobial, antifungal, antioxidative, sedative