Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of participants in the first stage of the study.
| Comparators | Asymptomatic | Moderate | Severe | ARDS and MV | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | 40 | 19 | 42 | 78 | 42 |
| Age (years) mean ± SD | 58.3 ± 15.8 | 59.5 ± 10.8 | 55.3 ± 14.8 | 61.4 ± 13.9 | 64.9 ± 12.8 |
| Male gender, n (%) | 28 (70) | 12 (63.2) | 25 (59.5) | 56 (71.8) | 35 (83.3) |
| SOFA, mean ± SD | NA | NA | 0.9 ± 0.9 | 2.3 ± 1.6 | 6.5 ± 2.5 |
| CCI, mean ± SD | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 1.3 ± 1.9 | 2.3 ± 2.3 | 2.6 ± 2.1 | 2.4 ± 1.5 |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | |||||
| Type 2 diabetes mellitus | 0 (0) | 5 (26.3) | 13 (31.0) | 20 (25.6) | 6 (14.3) |
| Chronic heart failure | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 3 (7.1) | 5 (5.1) | 0 (0) |
| Chronic renal disease | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (4.8) | 3 (3.8) | 2 (4.8) |
| Coronary heart disease | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 5 (11.9) | 8 (10.3) | 6 (14.3) |
| Dyslipidemia | 0 (0) | 4 (21.1) | 14 (33.3) | 17 (21.8) | 4 (9.5) |
| Hypothyroidism | 0 (0) | 2 (10.5) | 7 (16.7) | 7 (9.0) | 3 (7.1) |
| Hypertension | 0 (0) | 2 (10.5) | 16 (38.1) | 24 (30.8) | 7 (16.7) |
| Stroke | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (4.8) | 1 (1.3) | 1 (2.4) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (4.8) | 6 (7.7) | 3 (7.1) |
| COPD | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 3 (7.1) | 2 (2.6) | 0 (0) |
| pO2/FiO2, mean ± SD | NA | NA | 397.5 ± 84.3 | 274.5 ± 103.8 | 127.1 ± 72.2 |
| White blood cell count, mean ± SD (/mm3) | NA | NA | 5394.3 ± 2379.8 | 7000.1 ± 2945.8 | 11,977.8 ± 6094.2 |
| CRP, median (IQR), mg/L | NA | NA | 4.9 (30.6) | 39.0 (80.1) | 82.9 (173.5) |
| Ferritin, median (IQR), ng/mL | NA | NA | 293.2 (534.2) | 485.3 (832.5) | 1189.5 (1686.8) |
| Administered drugs, n (%) | |||||
| β-lactamase inhibitor | NA | 0 (0) | 1 (2.4) | 21 (29.2) | 0 (0) |
| Ceftriaxone | NA | 0 (0) | 30 (71.4) | 41 (56.9) | 10 (23.8) |
| Ceftaroline | NA | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 17 (23.6) | 10 (23.8) |
| Piperacillin/tazobactam | NA | 0 (0) | 8 (19.0) | 10 (13.9) | 16 (38.1) |
| Ceftaziidme/avibactam | NA | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 6 (14.3) |
| Glycopeptides/linezolid | NA | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 3 (4.2) | 12 (28.6) |
| Remdesivir | NA | 0 (0) | 20 (47.6) | 30 (41.7) | 9 (21.4) |
| Dexamethasone | NA | 0 (0) | 4 (9.5) | 72 (100) | 42 (100) |
| Nor-adrenaline | NA | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 27 (64.3) |
| Furosemide | NA | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 29 (69.0) |
| Midazolam | NA | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 29 (69.0) |
| Fentanyl | NA | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 24 (57.1) |
| Propofol | NA | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 29 (69.0) |
| Dexmetomidine | NA | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 7 (16.7) |
| Cisatracurium | NA | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 7 (16.7) |
Abbreviations: ARDS = acute respiratory distress syndrome; CCI = Charlson’s comorbidity index; CRP = C-reactive protein; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; FiO2: fraction of inspired oxygen; IQR = interquartile range; MV = mechanical ventilation; NA = not available; pO2: partial oxygen pressure; SD = standard deviation; SOFA = sequential organ failure assessment score.