Table 1.
Role of nano-phytopharmaceutical formulations against various locomotor, skin, and urogenital disorders.
| Plant Source | Formulation | Study Type | Action | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Citrus fruits, onions, apples, parsley, sage, tea, and berries. | Nanoencapsulated quercetin in zein nanoparticles (NPQ) | Preclinical (rats) | NPQ improved memory and cognitive ability in rats (but no effects on locomotor activity test) |
[37,38] |
| Citrus fruits, onions, apples, parsley, sage, tea, and berries. | Quercetin nanoparticles |
Preclinical (rats) | Quercetin nanoparticles improved memory and pathological damage induced by scopolamine |
[39,40] |
| Berries, currants, grapes, red to purplish blue colored leafy vegetables, grains, roots, and tubers. | Anthocyanin-loaded poly (ethylene glycol)-gold nanoparticles (PEG-AuNPs) | Preclinical (mice) | PEG-AuNPs improved amyloid-beta (Aβ1-42) induced neuronal damage and neuroinflammation |
[41,42] |
| Curcuma longa L. (Zingiberaceae) | Nano-curcumin particles | Preclinical (mice) | Enhanced memory, motor function, contextual fear | [43] |
| Anamirtacocculus (L.) Wight and Arn. (Menispermaceae) | A.cocculus NPs in cocc 30c, in a homeopathic formulation | Preclinical | Improved attention and motor functions in sleep-deprived rats |
[44] |
| Solanum tuberosum L. (Solanaceae) | S.tuberosum Lectin NPs | Preclinical | Helped improved drug delivery enhanced memory and motor function |
[45] |
| Azadirachta indica A.Juss. (Meliaceae) | Neem oil incorporated in argan-liposomes and argan-hyalurosomes by sonicating with argan oil, soy lecithin, and water | In vitro | Protected skin cells by reducing oxidative stress | [46]. |
| Curcuma longa L. (Zingiberaceae) | Curcumin formulated with lipid-based nanoparticles such as liposomes, niosomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, and nanostructured lipid carriers | Review | Improved its penetration into skin and thus increased the solubility, stability, and therapeutic efficiencies of curcumin against various dermatological disorders such as psoriasis, dermatitis, bacterial, viral and fungal infections, burns, acne, arthritis, and skin cancer | [33,34] |
| Curcuma longa L. (Zingiberaceae) |
C. longa leaves extract Silver nanoparticles (CL-AgNPs) loaded cotton fabric |
In vitro | Enhanced wound healing and antimicrobial activity on skin | [47] |
| Curcuma longa L.(Zingiberaceae) | Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN-curcuminoids) |
Ex vivo (Sheep ear skin) | Showed good spreadability and stability on skin |
[48] |
| Curcuma longa L. (Zingiberaceae) | Curcumin nanoparticles (curc-NPs) |
Preclinical (rats) | Improved erectile response in diabetic male rats |
[49,50] |
| Panax ginseng C.A. Mey (Araliaceae) |
P.ginseng nanoparticles |
Preclinical (rats) | Improved serum testosterone secretion and decrease sperm abnormalities in male rats |
[51] |
| Oxaliscorniculata L. (Oxalidaceae) | Aqueous extract of O. corniculata and its biofabricated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) |
In vitro | Effective against urinary tract infection (UTI) causing microorganisms |
[52] |
| Anogeissusacuminata Wall.(Combretaceae) | Aqueous leaf extract of A. acuminata and its AgNPs | In vitro | Effective against multidrug resistant UTI causing bacteria | [53] |
| Passiflora caerulea L. (Passifloraceae) | Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using P. caerulea extract | In vitro | Effective against multidrug resistant UTI causing bacteria | [54] |
| Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don (Apocynaceae) | Sulphur nanoparticles (SNPs) produced from C. roseus leaf extract |
In vitro | Effective against multidrug resistant UTI causing bacteria |
[55] |
| Mimosa pudica L. (Fabaceae) | Sulphur nanoparticles (SNPs) produced from M. pudica alcoholic extracts |
In vitro | Antibacterial effects on uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) and S. aureus and other UTI pathogens | [56] |
| Nigella sativa L. (Ranunculaceae) | Sulphur nanoparticles (SNPs) produced from seeds of N. sativa L. alcoholic extracts |
In vitro | Antibacterial effects on UPEC and S. aureus and other UTI pathogens | [57] |
| Rauwolfia serpentina L. (Apocynaceae) | Biologically synthe-sized gold nanopar-ticles with aqueous leaf extract of R. serpentina L. |
In vitro | Antibacterial effects on E. coli and S. aureus |
[58] |