Table 3.

Mechanistic aspects of glycosyltransferase action and regulation.

Enzyme	Upstream Regulator(s)	Downstream Pathways	Cancer Tissue/Cell Line	Effect *
ALG3		TGF-β receptor 2	Breast	Stemness, radioresistance	[94]
	Heat shock factor 2		Breast	Progression	[95]
	miR-98-5p		Non-small cell lung	Progression	[5]
B3GNT3		RhoA/RAC1	Endometrial	Progression	[61]
	miR-149-5p		Lung	Progression	[62]
		EGFR/PD-L1	Lung	Immune escape	[66]
		EGF/PD1-PD-L1	Breast	Immune escape	[65]
B3GNT5	lncRNA MIR44352HG/miR1365p		Liver	Progression	[96]
B3GNT7	Promoter methylation		Colorectal	Inhibition **	[57]
B4GALT3	lncRNA DANCR/miR-338-3p		Neuroblastoma	Progression	[70]
		β1-integrins	Neuroblastoma	Progression	[71]
	miR-27a	β1-integrins	Cervical	Progression	[73]
		β1-integrins	Colorectal	Inhibition	[74]
B4GALT5		Wnt/β-catenin	Breast	Stemness	[44]
	Circ_0009910/miR-491-5p	PI3K/AKT	Acute myeloid leukemia	Progression	[97]
B4GALNT1		JNK/c-Jun/Slug	Lung	Progression	[47]
		EGFR	breast	Stemness	[50]
		β1 integrins/FAK/SRC/ERK	Glioblastoma, lung, kidney	Progression	[52]
		GM2/GD2	Melanoma	Angiogenesis, progression	[51]
GALNT2		IGF-R1	Neuroblastoma	Inhibition	[98]
		Met	Gastric	Inhibition	[18]
		EGFR	Liver	Inhibition	[17]
		EGFR/AKT	Oral squamous	Progression	[12]
		EGFR/PI3K/AKT/mTOR	Glioma	Progression	[13]
		Notch/Hes1-PTEN-PI3K/AKT	Lung	Progression	[15]
GALNT10	DLGAP1-AS2/miR-505		Bile ducts	Progression	[20]
	HNF4/miR-122		Liver	Progression	[21]
	Histone methylation/ZBTB2		Ovary	Stemness	[99]
FUT7		EGFR/AKT/mTOR	Lung	Progression	[88]
	Promoter methylation		Bladder	Progression	[90]
		EGFR	Thyroid	Progression	[91]
POFUT1		Notch	Liver	Progression	[31,32]
			Colorectal		[28,29]
			Glioblastoma		[34]
ST3GAL4		Met, RON	Gastric	Progression	[85,100,101]
	Promoter methylation/GATA2		Ovary, Breast	Progression	[102,103]
	miR-370		Colorectal	Adhesion	[104]
ST6GALNAC4	miR-429		Thyroid	Progression	[83]

* The indicated effect is positively related to the expression of the indicated glycosyltransferase. ** Inhibition indicates attenuation of the neoplastic phenotype.