Table 1.
Distribution of covariates and outcome by age group in the initial wave (N = 6403).
| Variable | Class | Total | Age group |
Age group |
Age group |
Age group |
P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 18–34 |
35–49 |
50–64 |
≥65 |
||||
| n = 1212 | n = 1823 | n = 1924 | n=1439 | ||||
| Mental Distress | 2.07 (0.05) | 2.70 (0.12) | 2.27 (0.10) | 1.88 (0.08) | 1.29 (0.07) | <.0001 | |
| Loneliness | 1.56 (0.02) | 1.82 (0.04) | 1.56 (0.03) | 1.49 (0.03) | 1.35 (0.02) | <.0001 | |
| Perceived Stress | 9.07 (0.05) | 9.92 (0.12) | 9.32 (0.1) | 8.79 (0.1) | 8.05 (0.1) | <.0001 | |
| Perceived Risk | 2.32 (0.03) | 2.15 (0.07) | 2.30 (0.07) | 2.32 (0.06) | 2.55 (0.07) | .0006 | |
| Resilience | 21.32 (0.08) | 20.24 (0.18) | 21.06 (0.15) | 21.67 (0.14) | 22.51 (0.13) | <.0001 | |
| Social Coping | 4.31 (0.03) | 4.44 (0.07) | 4.34 (0.06) | 4.33 (0.05) | 4.11 (0.06) | .0023 | |
| Relaxation Coping | 4.54 (0.04) | 4.00 (0.1) | 3.98 (0.08) | 4.81 (0.08) | 5.67 (0.07) | <.0001 | |
| Alcohol Coping | 4.43 (0.19) | 3.70 (0.33) | 4.38 (0.28) | 4.84 (0.51) | 4.82 (0.42) | .1056 | |
| Gender | Female | 3734 (51.7) | 816 (61.6) | 1095 (52.2) | 1125 (50.0) | 698 (41.2) | <.0001 |
| Race/Ethnicity | Non-Hispanic White | 4259 (62.7) | 552 (53.9) | 1103 (56.2) | 1396 (64.1) | 1208 (81.3) | <.0001 |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 483 (11.9) | 85 (11.4) | 164 (14.5) | 167 (12.6) | 67 (8.0) | ||
| Hispanic | 996 (16.7) | 401 (23.4) | 355 (20.5) | 181 (15.3) | 59 (4.7) | ||
| Native American | 53 (0.4) | 11 (0.5) | 14 (0.4) | 21 (0.3) | 7 (0.2) | ||
| AAPI | 342 (5.3) | 112 (7.0) | 108 (5.3) | 79 (4.9) | 43 (3.7) | ||
| Mixed race | 256 (3.0) | 51 (3.7) | 78 (3.2) | 78 (2.7) | 49 (2.1) | ||
| Education | <HS | 317 (8.4) | 62 (8.2) | 92 (7.5) | 104 (9.3) | 59 (9.0) | .0018 |
| HS graduate | 1059 (29.5) | 231 (28.3) | 279 (27.2) | 326 (32.4) | 223 (30.8) | ||
| Some college | 2361 (27.7) | 439 (30.5) | 624 (26.6) | 768 (29.2) | 530 (24.1) | ||
| Bachelor's degree | 2661 (34.3) | 480 (33.0) | 828 (38.7) | 726 (29.1) | 627 (36.0) | ||
| Income | 1st QT | 1491 (26.9) | 370 (31.9) | 357 (23.2) | 441 (26.4) | 323 (27.0) | <.0001 |
| 2nd QT | 1616 (26.6) | 319 (25.3) | 394 (24.1) | 474 (27.8) | 429 (30.1) | ||
| 3rd QT | 1598 (23.9) | 280 (23.3) | 477 (25.4) | 450 (21.9) | 391 (25.0) | ||
| 4th QT | 1681 (22.7) | 242 (19.5) | 594 (27.3) | 553 (23.9) | 292 (17.9) | ||
| Married | Yes | 3574 (55.7) | 407 (38.0) | 1128 (61.8) | 1140 (59.4) | 899 (63.1) | <.0001 |
| Asthma | Yes | 732 (11.7) | 142 (13.5) | 226 (12.5) | 212 (10.3) | 152 (10.1) | .0935 |
| Auto immune diseases | Yes | 387 (5.5) | 43 (3.9) | 95 (4.3) | 141 (6.8) | 108 (7.3) | .0022 |
| Cancer | Yes | 448 (5.9) | 11 (0.5) | 49 (1.8) | 147 (7.5) | 241 (16.4) | <.0001 |
| COPD | Yes | 258 (4.4) | 5 (0.3) | 24 (1.7) | 97 (5.7) | 132 (11.3) | <.0001 |
| Diabetes | Yes | 774 (12.4) | 28 (2.5) | 129 (8.1) | 310 (18.3) | 307 (22.6) | <.0001 |
| Heart disease | Yes | 418 (6.5) | 9 (0.8) | 31 (2.2) | 131 (6.8) | 247 (19.3) | <.0001 |
| High Blood Pressure | Yes | 2027 (31.6) | 97 (9.5) | 353 (20.7) | 780 (44.6) | 797 (57.0) | <.0001 |
| Kidney disease | Yes | 169 (2.7) | 7 (0.8) | 20 (1.5) | 49 (2.9) | 93 (6.3) | <.0001 |
| Obesity | Yes | 1140 (16.7) | 149 (12.3) | 320 (17.3) | 389 (18.7) | 282 (18.4) | .0012 |
| Disability | Yes | 533 (9.0) | 22 (2.4) | 120 (7.3) | 290 (17.4) | 101 (8.5) | <.0001 |
Note. For continuous variables, each cell shows the weighted mean and standard error in the parathesis; for categorical variables, each cell shows the raw number and weighted percentage. HS=High School; QT=Quartile; AAPI=Asian American and Pacific Islanders; COPD=Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.