Table 2.
Toxicity and antiviral activity of lectins
| Lectin | Cytotoxicity | Mitogenicity | Activity (nM unless otherwise noted) | Refs. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AH | No | No | HIV-1 (2–110), HIV-2 (3–14), | [148, 157–164] |
| CV-N | Yes | Yes | HIV (0.1–33.7), HCV (1.6), Ebo (100) | [34–40] |
| MVN | No | No | HIV-1 (2–167), HCV (31–39) | [50, 51] |
| MVL | Yes | Unk | HIV-1 (30–37), HCV (14–34) | [188, 189] |
| SVN | No | Unk | HIV-1 (0.3–22), EBOV (41) | [190–194] |
| OAA | Yes | Unk | HIV-1 (30–45) | [56, 57] |
| PRM-A | No | No | HIV-1/2 (1.6-10 µM), SIV (5 µM) | [62, 63] |
| GRFT | No | No | HIV (0.03–1.3), HCV (6.7–13.9), SARS-Cov (48), JEV (20), HSV-2(230), HPV (0.4–1.39 µM), NiV (20–60), ANDV (180–230) | [104–109, 113–124, 178, 195, 196] |
| BCA | No | Unk | HIV-1 (8.2), influenza H3N2 (18.8–74.2) | [64] |
| BanLec | Yes | Yes | HIV-1 (0.8–14), HIV-2 (3.7) | [171–174] |
| GNA | No | Unk | HCV (11.1–25.5), influenza A H1N1 (0.1–268), influenza A H3N2 (0.4–6.4), influenza B (0.016–0.89), HIV-1 (0.3–4.7 μg/ml), HIV-2 (0.1–0.2 μg/ml), SIV (2.7 μg/ml), FIV (0.09 μg/ml), SARS-COV (6.2 μg/ml), FIPV (3.9 μg/ml) | [130–134] |
| HHA | No | Unk | Influenza A H1N1 (0.05–121), influenza A H3N2 (0.10–3), influenza B (0.015–1.8), HIV-1 (0.3–3.2 μg/ml), HIV-2 (0.1–0.2 μg/ml), SIV (0.6 μg/ml), FIV (0.1 μg/ml), SARS-COV (3.2 μg/ml), FIPV (2.6 μg/ml) | [130–134] |
| PCL | No | Unk | HIV-1 (0.05–0.08 μg/ml), HIV-2 (0.08–0.1 μg/ml) | [179, 197] |
| UDA | Yes | Yes | HIV-1(100–180), HIV-2 (240–420), HSV-1(9.6- > 11 µM), HSV-2 (1.1–1.3 µM), SIV (130–190), MSV (> 20 µg/ml), SARS-CoV (0.9–2.6 µg/ml), influenza A H1N1 (5–435), influenza A H3N2 (5.8–83), and influenza B (0.64–14) | [182–187, 198–203] |
| NICTABA | No | Unk | HSV-1 (171–263), HSV-2 (41–64), influenza A H1N1 (21–43), influenza A H3N2 (13–23), influenza B (11), RSV (105), and DENV type 2 (323–729) | [107, 176–178] |
| PHA | No | Yes | SARS-CoV-2 (141–217.9), HIV-1 (50 µg/ml) | [116, 122] |
| LCA | No | Unk | SARS-CoV-2 (152.3–186.6) | [116] |
| SVL | No | Unk | HIV-1 (2.8 µM) | [14] |
| CGL | No | Yes | HIV-1 (2.5 µM) | [14] |
HIV human immunodeficiency virus, HCV hepatitis C virus, EBOV Ebola virus, SIV simian immunodeficiency virus, SARS-CoV severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, JEV Japanese encephalitis virus, HSV herpes simplex virus, HPV human papillomavirus, NiV Nipah virus, ANDV Andes orthohantavirus, FIV feline immunodeficiency virus, FIPV feline infectious peritonitis virus, MSV maize streak virus, RSV respiratory syncytial virus, DENV dengue virus