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. 2022 May 7;19(9):5690. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19095690

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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RT-PCR for the fold change in mRNA expression of TLR-2, TLR-4, IL-6, TNFα, NF-κB, MMP2, MMP9, RAGE, HMGB1, IL33, and IL37 in normal and IL-33-, IL-37-, rHMGB1-, and LPS-treated NHAC cells. TLR2 (Panel (A)), TLR4 (Panel (B)), NF-κB (Panel (C)), IL-6 (Panel (D)), TNFα (Panel (E)), MMP-2 (Panel (F)), MMP-9 (Panel (G)), RAGE (Panel (H)), HMGB1 (Panel (I)), IL-33 (Panel (J)), and IL-37 (Panel (K)). C, control; HCOA, human osteoarthritic chondrocytes; HMGB1, high-mobility group box 1; IL, interleukin; LPS, lipopolysaccharides; MMP, matrix metalloproteinases; NHAC, normal human articular chondrocytes; NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa beta; rHMGB1, recombinant HMGB1; RTPCR, real-time polymerase chain reaction; RAGE, receptor for advanced glycation end-products; TLR, toll-like receptor; TNFα, tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Data are presented as mean ± SD (N = 3). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, and **** p < 0.0001.