AGE	advanced glycation end-products
ALRs	absent in melanoma 2-like receptors
AMPK	5’AMP-activated protein kinase
ATF	activating transcription factor
ATP	adenosine triphosphate
ChLGI	chronic low-grade inflammation
ChSLGI	chronic systemic low-grade inflammation
cNOS	constitutive NO synthase
COX	cyclooxygenase
CRP	C-reactive protein
CS	cellular stress
CTL	cytotoxic T lymphocytes
DAMPs	damage-associated molecular patterns
DDR	DNA-damage response
DNA	deoxyribonucleic acid
ER	endoplasmic reticulum
ERAD	ER-associated degradation complex
ERK	extracellular signal-regulated kinase
EVC	exudative vascular complex
FFA	free fatty acids
GLUT-4	glucose transporter type 4
HIF	hypoxia-inducible factor
HLA	human leukocyte antigens
HSF	heat shock factor
HSP	heat shock protein
IAP	inhibitor of apoptosis proteins
IFN	interferon
IL	interleukin
ILC	innate lymphoid cells
iNOS	inducible NO synthase
IRE	inositol-requiring enzyme
JAK	Janus kinase
JNK	c-Jun N-terminal kinase
M	macrophage
MAPK	of mitogen-activated protein kinase
miRNA	microRNA
MS	multiple sclerosis
mtDNA	mitochondrial DNA
mTORC1	mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1
NES	neuroendocrine system
NF-κB	nuclear factor-κB
NK	natural killer cells
NLRP3/NLRP6	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3/NLR family pyrin domain containing 6
NLR	NOD-like receptor
NRF	nuclear respiratory factor
oxLDL	oxidized low-density lipoproteins
PAMP	pathogen-associated molecular pattern
PERK	protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase
PI3K	phosphoinositide 3-kinases
PRR	pattern-recognizing receptor
RBP	RNA-binding protein
RIPK	receptor-interacting protein kinase
RNA	ribonucleic acid
ROS	reactive oxygen species
SASP	senescence-associated secretory phenotype
SI	systemic inflammation
SIR	systemic inflammatory response
SR	scavenger receptor
STAT	signal transducer and activator of transcription
TAMs	tumor-associated macrophages
TCR	T-cell receptor
TF	transcription factor
TGF-β	transforming growth factor beta
Th	T helper cells
TLR	Toll-like receptor
TNF	tumor necrosis factor
Tr1	Type 1 regulatory T cells (CD4+)
Treg	CD4+ regulatory T cells
TS	tissue stress
UPRER	endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response
UPRmt	mitochondrial unfolded protein response