Table 3.
Results obtained in studies that have analyzed the relationship of molecular biomarkers with the presence of occult lymph node metastases in patients with HNSCC (S, sensitivity; E, specificity; PPV, positive predictive value; NPV, negative predictive value; AI, accuracy index; OC, oral cavity; ORF, oropharynx; HNSCC, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma; IHC, immuno-histochemistry). * Numerical aberrations of CCND1; ** Serum MYO5A levels.
| Author (Year) | Biomarker | Location | n | % pN+ | Determination | Related to | S | E | PPV | NPV | AI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Franchi (1996) [23] | PCNA | Larynx | 60 | 50% | IHQ | pN+ | 80.0% | 80.0% | 80.0% | 80.0% | 80.0% |
| MIB-1 | pN+ | 56.6% | 83.3% | 77.2% | 65.7% | 70.0% | |||||
| E-cadherin | pN0 | 50.0% | 86.6% | 78.9% | 63.4% | 68.3% | |||||
| Capaccio (2000) [24] | Cyclin D1 | HNSCC | 96 | 33.3% | IHQ | pN+ | 68.7% | 68.7% | 52.3% | 81.4% | 68.7% |
| Myo (2005) [25] | Cyclin D1 * | OC | 45 | 37.7% | FISH | pN+ | 70.5% | 89.2% | 80.0% | 83.3% | 82.2% |
| Huber (2011) [26] | E-cadherin | OC, ORF | 120 | 37.5% | IHQ | pN0 | 82.2% | 44.0% | 46.8% | 80.4% | 58.3% |
| Zullig (2013) [27] | SOX2 | OC | 120 | 37.5% | IHQ | pN0 | 95.6% | 32.0% | 45.7% | 92.3% | 55.8% |
| Kelner (2014) [28] | Activin A | OC | 110 | 26.35 | IHQ | pN+ | 74.0% | 56.4% | 37.0% | 86.2% | 58.2% |
| Noorlag (2016) [29] | Cyclin D1 | OC | 152 | 25.0% | IHQ | pN+ | 63.1% | 66.6% | 38.7% | 84.4% | 65.7% |
| Mermod (2016) [30] | PROX1 | OC, ORF | 52 | 19.2% | IHQ | pN+ | 60.0% | 98.0% | 86.0% | 91.0% | 88.0% |
| Mermod (2018) [31] | CD31 | OC, ORF | 56 | 19.6% | IHQ | pN+ | 91.0% | 65.0% | 40.0% | 97.0% | 71.0% |
| Zhao (2018) [32] | MYO5A ** | Larynx | 103 | 31.0% | ELISA | pN+ | 77.8% | 75.4% | - | - | - |
| Boeve (2021) [33] | Cortactin | OC | 33 | 18.1% | IHQ | pN+ | 66.7% | 88.8% | 57.1% | 92.3% | 84.8% |
| Current study | SEMA3F | CECC | 53 | 37.7% | PCR | pN0 | 75.0% | 87.8% | 78.9% | 85.2% | 83.0% |
| NRP2 | pN+ |