Table 1.
Assessment | Measurement | t -Student or Wilcoxon | d | 1-β | Pre | Post | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Statistic | P-value | α HB | M | SD | M | SD | ||||
Dynamometry (kgf·kg−1) | Maximum paretic hip flexion | −1.155 | 0.260 | 0.005 | 0.24 | 0.52 | 0.14 | 0.07 | 0.16 | 0.06 |
Average paretic hip flexion | −0.022 | 0.983 | 0.050 | 0.01 | 0.98 | 0.15 | 0.07 | 0.15 | 0.05 | |
Maximum non-paretic hip flexion | −2.305 | 0.031 | 0.003 | 0.48 | 0.51 | 0.15 | 0.05 | 0.17 | 0.05 | |
Average non-paretic hip flexion | −2.085 | 0.049 | 0.003 | 0.44 | 0.51 | 0.14 | 0.05 | 0.16 | 0.04 | |
Maximum paretic hip extension | −1.742 | 0.095 | 0.004 | 0.36 | 0.51 | 0.16 | 0.07 | 0.18 | 0.09 | |
Average paretic hip extension | −1.576 | 0.129 | 0.004 | 0.33 | 0.51 | 0.15 | 0.06 | 0.17 | 0.08 | |
Maximum non-paretic hip extension | −0.98 | 0.338 | 0.006 | 0.20 | 0.53 | 0.19 | 0.07 | 0.20 | 0.07 | |
Average non-paretic hip extension | −0.584 | 0.565 | 0.010 | 0.12 | 0.63 | 0.18 | 0.06 | 0.18 | 0.06 | |
Maximum paretic hip abduction | –4.163 | 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.87 | 0.64 | 0.13 | 0.05 | 0.17 | 0.07 | |
Average paretic hip abduction | –4.316 | 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.90 | 0.69 | 0.12 | 0.05 | 0.16 | 0.06 | |
Maximum non-paretic hip abduction ▴ | –5.789 | 0.001 | 0.002 | 1.21 | 0.96 | 0.15 | 0.05 | 0.20 | 0.05 | |
Average non-paretic hip abduction ▴ | –5.837 | 0.001 | 0.002 | 1.22 | 0.97 | 0.14 | 0.05 | 0.19 | 0.05 | |
Maximum paretic knee flexion | –3.487 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.73 | 0.51 | 0.08 | 0.03 | 0.10 | 0.05 | |
Average paretic knee flexion | –3.541 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.74 | 0.53 | 0.07 | 0.03 | 0.09 | 0.05 | |
Maximum non-paretic knee flexion ▴ | –4.856 | 0.001 | 0.002 | 1.01 | 0.83 | 0.10 | 0.04 | 0.14 | 0.05 | |
Average non-paretic knee flexion ▴ | –4.865 | 0.001 | 0.002 | 1.01 | 0.83 | 0.10 | 0.03 | 0.13 | 0.05 | |
Maximum paretic knee extension | −0.945 | 0.355 | 0.006 | 0.20 | 0.54 | 0.14 | 0.06 | 0.15 | 0.05 | |
Average paretic knee extension | −0.574 | 0.571 | 0.013 | 0.12 | 0.63 | 0.14 | 0.05 | 0.14 | 0.05 | |
Maximum non-paretic knee extension | −2.493 | 0.021 | 0.003 | 0.52 | 0.51 | 0.16 | 0.06 | 0.18 | 0.05 | |
Average non-paretic knee extension | −2.494 | 0.021 | 0.003 | 0.52 | 0.97 | 0.15 | 0.06 | 0.17 | 0.05 | |
Maximum paretic ankle dorsiflexion | 0.711 | 0.484 | 0.007 | 0.15 | 0.58 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.02 | |
Average paretic ankle dorsiflexion | 0.586 | 0.564 | 0.008 | 0.12 | 0.63 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.02 | |
Maximum non-paretic ankle dorsiflexion | −0.406w | 0.685 | 0.017 | 0.04 | 0.69 | 0.07 | 0.03 | 0.07 | 0.03 | |
Average non-paretic ankle dorsiflexion | −0.336w | 0.737 | 0.025 | 0.05 | 0.74 | 0.07 | 0.03 | 0.07 | 0.03 | |
Maximum paretic ankle plantarflexion | −1.576 | 0.129 | 0.005 | 0.33 | 0.51 | 0.10 | 0.05 | 0.12 | 0.06 | |
Average paretic ankle plantarflexion | −1.818 | 0.083 | 0.004 | 0.39 | 0.51 | 0.09 | 0.05 | 0.11 | 0.05 | |
Maximum non-paretic ankle plantarflexion | −1.802w | 0.072 | 0.003 | 0.48 | 0.65 | 0.12 | 0.04 | 0.15 | 0.06 | |
Average non-paretic ankle plantarflexion | −2.256w | 0.024 | 0.003 | 0.56 | 0.59 | 0.11 | 0.04 | 0.14 | 0.05 | |
PROM (°) | Paretic hip flexion | −1.540w | 0.124 | 0.007 | 0.14 | 0.20 | 118.87 | 8.35 | 117.70 | 11.23 |
Nonparetic hip flexion | −0.935w | 0.350 | 0.017 | 0.15 | 0.45 | 117.48 | 8.58 | 115.87 | 10.86 | |
Paretic hip extension | 1.086 | 0.289 | 0.013 | 0.23 | 0.52 | 20.52 | 7.29 | 18.87 | 6.05 | |
Non-paretic hip extension | −2.045w | 0.041 | 0.005 | 0.49 | 0.56 | 22.17 | 6.44 | 19.00 | 5.48 | |
Paretic hip abduction ▴ | –4.021w | 0.001 | 0.002 | 1.45 | 1.00 | 38.17 | 6.63 | 26.52 | 7.63 | |
Non-paretic hip abduction ▴ | 5.504 | 0.001 | 0.002 | 1.15 | 0.94 | 40.09 | 9.79 | 27.48 | 7.54 | |
Paretic hip adduction | –3.247w | 0.001 | 0.003 | 0.82 | 0.53 | 25.22 | 6.17 | 19.43 | 5.30 | |
Non-paretic hip adduction ▴ | 6.049 | 0.001 | 0.002 | 1.26 | 0.98 | 26.61 | 4.76 | 18.39 | 3.86 | |
Paretic hip external rotation | −0.767w | 0.443 | 0.025 | 0.19 | 0.60 | 29.26 | 6.34 | 27.61 | 5.69 | |
Non-paretic hip external rotation | 2.471 | 0.022 | 0.005 | 0.52 | 0.51 | 31.30 | 6.57 | 27.91 | 5.23 | |
Paretic hip internal rotation | 3.213 | 0.004 | 0.003 | 0.67 | 0.51 | 29.74 | 6.44 | 25.04 | 8.01 | |
Non-paretic hip internal rotation | 3.195 | 0.004 | 0.003 | 0.667 | 0.51 | 33.48 | 6.72 | 28.43 | 5.87 | |
Paretic knee flexion | 1.79 | 0.087 | 0.006 | 0.37 | 0.51 | 125.96 | 10.39 | 122.48 | 10.87 | |
Non-paretic knee flexion | −1.779w | 0.075 | 0.006 | 0.39 | 0.49 | 126.35 | 8.50 | 122.83 | 9.45 | |
Paretic knee extension | −0.254w | 0.799 | 0.050 | 0.02 | 0.80 | 2.96 | 6.63 | 2.87 | 4.17 | |
Non-paretic knee extension | −1.265w | 0.206 | 0.010 | 0.29 | 0.54 | 1.22 | 5.11 | 2.35 | 3.79 | |
Paretic ankle dorsiflexion | −2.861w | 0.004 | 0.003 | 0.65 | 0.45 | 8.78 | 6.79 | 5.57 | 6.22 | |
Non-paretic ankle dorsiflexion | −2.361w | 0.018 | 0.004 | 0.53 | 0.48 | 12.04 | 6.50 | 9.17 | 6.84 | |
Paretic ankle plantarflexion | 4.508 | 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.94 | 0.75 | 42.61 | 9.66 | 34.57 | 8.90 | |
Non-paretic ankle plantarflexion ▴ | –3.642w | 0.001 | 0.003 | 1.20 | 0.95 | 41.74 | 7.32 | 31.96 | 8.21 | |
Paretic ankle inversion | −1.509w | 0.131 | 0.008 | 0.38 | 0.58 | 20.09 | 5.13 | 18.43 | 4.97 | |
Non-paretic ankle inversion | −2.315w | 0.021 | 0.004 | 0.54 | 0.53 | 21.48 | 4.52 | 18.91 | 5.24 | |
Paretic ankle eversion | −2.800w | 0.005 | 0.004 | 0.70 | 0.56 | 4.96 | 3.99 | 2.61 | 2.23 | |
Non-paretic ankle eversion | 3.219 | 0.004 | 0.003 | 0.67 | 0.52 | 6.70 | 3.50 | 4.35 | 3.31 |
Wilcoxon tests are marked with a letter “w”, the rest complied with normality and t-Student could be applied. Significant results obtained after Holm-Bonferroni (HB) adjustment are highlighted in bold.
Significant changes with statistical power >80%.
Mean (M) and standard deviation (SD) were included.