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. 2022 Apr 27;14(9):1834. doi: 10.3390/nu14091834

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Activity of STD- and CAF-fed rats in the sixth week of the experiment under L12 conditions and in the seventh week of the experiment under L18 and L6 conditions. (A) Activity for STD- and CAF-fed rats under the L12 photoperiod and the corresponding AUC. (B) Activity for STD-fed rats administered VH or GSPE under the L18 photoperiod and the corresponding AUC. (C) Activity for CAF-fed rats administered VH or GSPE under the L18 photoperiod and the corresponding AUC. (D) Activity for STD-fed rats administered VH or GSPE under the L6 photoperiod and the corresponding AUC. (E) Activity for CAF-fed rats administered VH or GSPE under the L6 photoperiod and the corresponding AUC. (F) AUC of activity for L12 conditions groups with light phase and dark phase separated. (G) AUC activity for L6 and L18 conditions groups with light phase and dark phase separated. For L12 conditions, values are expressed as the mean ± S.E.M. (n = 24). ¥¥¥ Indicates significant differences using an unpaired Student´s t-test between L12-STD vs. L12-CAF (p ≤ 0.001). Values are expressed as the mean ± S.E.M. (n = 6). D, diet effect; P, photoperiod effect; TxP, interaction between treatment and photoperiod. *, ** or *** Indicate significant differences by diet effect (p ≤ 0.05, p ≤ 0.01 and p ≤ 0.001, respectively), $ Indicates significant differences by treatment effect, ## Indicate significant differences by photoperiod effect (p ≤ 0.01, respectively) using 2-way and 3-way ANOVA followed by a LSD post-hoc test (p ≤ 0.05). & Indicates tendency using a LSD post-hoc test (p = 0.1–0.051). +, ++ or +++ Indicate significant differences using a paired Student´s t-test between Light Phase vs. Dark Phase for each group (p ≤ 0.05, p ≤ 0.01 and p ≤ 0.001, respectively). AUC, Area under curve; STD, Standard diet-fed rats; CAF, Cafeteria diet-fed rats; VH, rats administered vehicle; GSPE, rats administered 25 mg/kg grape seed proanthocyanidin-rich extract; L12, standard photoperiod 12 h light per day; L18, long photoperiod 18 h light per day; L6, short photoperiod 6 h light per day. Grey background, dark phase. slash background, transitions phase.