TABLE 1.

Clinical characteristics of normoglycemic (NGT) and gestational diabetes (GDM) women expressed as mean and standard deviation (SD) and absolute frequency (n) and column percentage (%).

Characteristics	NGT (n = 27)	GDM (n = 33)	p-value
Age (years), mean (SD)	33.0 (6.1)	34.6 (4.1)	0.242+
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg), mean (SD)	108 (12.6)	114 (10.8)	0.053+
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg), mean (SD)	65.8 (8.6)	73.2 (8.5)	0.002 +
PREDIMED, n (%)			0.662 §
No adherence	1 (3.7)	2 (6.4)
Medium adherence	17 (63.0)	22 (71.0)
Maximum adherence	9 (33.3)	7 (22.6)
IPAQ, n (%)			0.332 §
Low	17 (63.0)	17 (56.7)
Moderate	7 (25.9)	12 (40.0)
High	3 (11.1)	1 (3.3)
Smoking history, n (%)			0.331 §
Non-smoker	24 (88.9)	25 (75.8)
Smoker	3 (11.1)	8 (24.2)
Pre-pregnancy weight (Kg), mean (SD)	60.7 (11.0)	72.9 (18.0)	0.002 +
Pre-pregnancy BMI (Kg/m2), mean (SD)	22.7 (2.9)	26.7 (6.7)	0.003 +
Weight at the end of pregnancy (Kg), mean (SD)	72.0 (12.2)	83.3 (19.6)	0.009 +
BMI at the end of pregnancy (Kg/m2), mean (SD)	26.9 (3.3)	30.6 (7.4)	0.014 +
Weight variation (Kg), mean (SD)	12.1 (4.4)	10.4 (5.4)	0.190+
Delivery, n (%)			0.030§
Vaginal delivery	22 (81.5)	14 (50.0)
Cesarean section	5 (18.5)	14 (50.0)
Third-trimester TC (mg/dl), mean (SD)	249 (50.8)	257 (53.1)	0.666+
Third-trimester HDL-C (mg/dl), mean (SD)	66.0 (20.0)	71.2 (16.6)	0.455+
Third-trimester TG (mg/dl), mean (SD)	217 (63.8)	203 (65.7)	0.566+
Third-trimester LDL-C (mg/dl), mean (SD)	148 (32.3)	145 (47.3)	0.770+
OGTT (mg/dl) at baseline (min), mean (SD)	79.0 (5.7)	89.2 (8.5)	<0.001+
OGTT (mg/dl) after 60 min, mean (SD)	119 (21.3)	168 (32.6)	<0.001+
OGTT (mg/dl) after 120 min, mean (SD)	96.7 (20.6)	137 (25.9)	<0.001+
First quarter fasting blood glucose (mg/dl), mean (SD)	77.8 (9.3)	85.0 (15.6)	0.090+

Statistically significant values are in bold. ^§ p-value derived from Chi squared test, + p-value derived from unpaired t-test.