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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Eur J Neurosci. 2021 Dec 6;55(1):264–276. doi: 10.1111/ejn.15512

TABLE 3.

Hedges g effect size differences between groups

Brain volume
 Cognitive/Clinical measures
ICV WMV CV SGMV HVLT IR HVLT DR BTA KBIT2 BFRT BFM
LND vs. LNV 0.31 1.41 −0.24 −0.14 1.07 0.80 1.05 0.68 0.33 −1.83
LND vs. HC 1.65 2.83 1.51 2.37 3.74 2.45 6.71 3.81a 2.16a −5.68a
LNV vs. HC 1.49 1.82 1.58 2.44 1.90 1.82 5.80 3.09a 1.97a −1.63a

Abbreviations: BFM, Burke–Fahn–Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale; BFRT, Benton Facial Recognition Test; BTA, Brief Test of Attention; CV, cortical volume; HVLT DR, Hopkins Verbal Learning Test delayed recall; HVLT IR, Hopkins Verbal Learning Test immediate recall; ICV, total intracranial volume; KBIT2, Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test Second Edition; SGMV, subcortical grey matter volume; WMV, white matter volume.

a

Effect size calculations uses only the six healthy controls with data for the comparison. Effect size changes are in reference to the first group in the comparison such that positive values represent increases compared with the first group and negative values represent decreases from the first group.