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. 2022 Apr 29;9:852355. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.852355

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Copyright © 2022 Inui, Kawamura, Nakama, Inui and Katsuura.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effects of degalactosylated whey protein on mRNA expression of TLR4 and MKP-1, and LPS-induced mRNA expression of TNF-α and IL-1β in RAW264.7 cells. (A) Effects of 3-h preincubation with degalactosylated whey protein (100 μg mg/ml) on mRNA expression of TNF-α induced by LPS (5 ng/ml) after incubation for another 3 h. (B) Effects of 3-h preincubation with degalactosylated whey protein (100 μg mg/ml) on mRNA expression of IL-1β induced by LPS (5 ng/ml) after incubation for another 3 h. (C) Effects of 3-h incubation with degalactosylated whey protein (100 μg mg/ml) on mRNA expression of TRL-4. (D) Effects of 3-h incubation with degalactosylated whey protein (100 μg mg/ml) on mRNA expression of MKP-1. Results are expressed as mean ± SE for 8–12. *p < 0.05, ^**p < 0.01.