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. 2022 Apr 20;11(9):1117. doi: 10.3390/plants11091117

Table 1.

Flavonoids found in berries and fruits; FW—fresh weight; DW—dry weight.

Source Subclass Major Compounds Conc. mg/100 g FW Conc. mg/100 g DW Conc. mg/100 mL Refs.
Blackberry
(Rubus spp.)
Flavan-3-ols (+)-Catechin 0.166–1.029 [24]
(−)-Epicatechin 0.012–6.14
Flavonols Quercetin 0.39–1.794 [24]
Anthocyanins Cyanidin-3-glucoside 57.2 ± 2.5 0.039–2.551 [24,25]
Cyanidin-3-rutinoside 25.0 ± 2.8 0.192–11.933
Cyanidin-3-xyloside 48.3 ± 5.6 [25]
Delphinidin-3-glucoside 516.5 ± 9.3
Chokeberry
(Aronia melanocarpa)
Flavonols Kaempferol 0.00–0.69 [26]
Quercetin 8.90–37.46
Anthocyanins Cyanidin 26.95–947.52 [26]
Delphinidin 0.65
Malvidin 1.22
Pelargonidin 0.51–1.44
Peonidin 0.08
Petunidin 2.79
Blueberry
(Vaccinium angustifolium)
Anthocyanins Cyanidin-3-glucoside 5.1 ± 0.9 7.7 ± 0.7 [15,25]
Delphinidin-3-glucoside 27.3 ± 3.1 47 ± 2.4
Malvidin-3-glucoside 1.9 ± 0.8 94.3 ± 4.5
Peonidin-3-glucoside 15.1 ± 2.4
Petunidin-3-glucoside 28.1 ± 4.1 37.7 ± 1.9
Flavan-3-ols (+)-Catechin 81.8 ± 9.17 43.1 ± 1.9 [15,27]
(+)-Epicatechin 9.25 ± 0.15
Epicatechin gallate 0.48 ± 0.52
Proanthocyanins 35 ± 1.3 [15]
Flavonols Kaempferol 5.17 ± 0.04 [15,27]
Kaempferol-3-glucoside 5.45 ± 0.24
Quercetin-3-galactoside 0.19 ± 0.09 78.6 ± 1.1
Quercetin-3-glucoside 2.38 ± 0.35
Quercetin-3-glucuronide 1.76 ± 0.12
Cherry
(Prunus spp.)
Flavan-3-ols (+)-Catechin 0.036–1.117 [24]
(−)-Epicatechin 0.051–2.406
Proanthocyanidins 10.54 ± 0.19 [28]
Flavonols Kaempherol-3-rutinoside 0.03 ± 0.00 [28]
Quercetin 0.026–0.391 [24]
Quercetin-3-rutinoside 0.09 ± 0.01 [28]
Anthocyanins Cyanidin-3-glucoside 0.078–1.207 [24]
Cyanidin-3-
glucosylrutinoside
0.737–36.128
Cyanidin-3-rutinoside 0.321–9.144
Raspberry
(Rubus idaeus)
Flavan-3-ols (+)-Catechin 7.4 ± 0.1 0.544–1.540 [15,24]
(−)-Epicatechin 2.94 ± 1.25 102.4 ± 4 2.165–4.359 [15,24,27]
Flavonols Kaempferol-3-glucoside 0.30 ± 0.45 [27]
Quercetin 0.5 0.196–0.392 [24,29]
Quercetin-3-glucoside 0.10 ± 0.32 [27]
Quercetin-3-glucuronide 0.54 ± 0.75
Anthocyanins Cyanidin 3-glucoside 57.5 ± 3.4 74.4 ± 0.8 [15,25]
Cyanidin-3-glucosylrutinoside 56.4 ± 3.8 0.489–2.529 [24,25]
Cyanidin-3-rutinoside 19.6 ± 1.2 0.594–1.072
Cyanidin-3-sophoroside 0.4 ± 0.1 5.783–12.469
Petunidin 3-glucoside 57.5 ± 3.4 [25]
Blackcurrant
(Ribes nigrum)
Flavonols Quercetin 3.7 ± 0.1 0.2–0.385 [24,29]
Kaempferol 0.1 ± 0.1 [29]
Anthocyanins Cyanidin-3-rutinoside 1.616–8.877 [24]
Delphinidin-3-glucoside 0.22–2.674
Delphinidin-3-rutinoside 2.404–17.921
Strawberry
(Fragaria × ananassa)
Flavan-3-ols (+)-Catechin 2.51 ± 0.05 45.8 ± 0.5 0.704–0.813 [15,24,27]
(−)-Epicatechin 6.80 ± 2.20 0.153–0.201
Epicatechin gallate 0.45 ± 0.32 [27]
Flavonols Isorhamnetin 0.57 ± 0.01 [30]
Kaempferol 0.28 ± 0.01
0.5 ± 0.3
6.13 ± 0.52
[27,29,30]
Kaempferol-3-glucoside 1.04 ± 0.28 8 ± 0.1 [15,27]
Quercetin 0.6 ± 0.5
19.0 ± 2.20
0.031–0.168 [24,27,29]
Quercetin-3-galactoside 0.35 ± 0.49 [27]
Quercetin-3-glucoside 0.20 ± 0.48
Quercetin-3-glucuronide 3.35 ± 1.58
Flavones Apigenin 0.24 ± 0.01 [30]
Anthocyanins Cyanidin 3-rutinoside 0.7 ± 0.1 [25]
Pelargonidin 3-glucoside 347.8 ± 10.5
Pelargonidin 3-rutinoside 52.4 ± 4.8
Peonidin 3-rutinoside 7.6 ± 1.4
Apple
(Malus domestica)
Flavan-3-ols (+)-Catechin 0.152–1.523 [24]
(−)-Epicatechin 0.414–2.591
Flavonols Isorhamnetin 14.42 ± 0.97 [30]
Kaempferol 5.07 ± 0.71
Quercetin 2.0 ± 0.4
5.16 ± 0.32
0.04–0.092 [24,29,30]
Flavones Luteolin 1495 ± 45 [30]
Plum
(Prunus spp.)
Flavonols Isorhamnetin 5.23 ± 0.3 [30]
Kaempferol 3.17 ± 0.12 [30]
Quercetin 1.5
0.34 ± 0.6
[29,30]
Quercetin 3-rutinoside 15 ± 2 [28]
Flavones Luteolin 3.98 ± 0.04 [30]
Flavan-3-ols Proanthocyanidins 969 ± 187 [28]
Peach
(Prunus persica)
Flavonols Kaempferol 1.43 ± 0.17 [30]
Kaempherol-3-hexoside 4 ± 1 [28]
Kaempherol-3-rutinoside 5 ± 1
Quercetin 3-rutinoside 6 ± 1
Flavones Luteolin 3.39 ± 0.42 [30]
Flavan-3-ols Proanthocyanidins 1379 ± 62 [28]
Grapes
(Vitis vinifera)
Flavonols Kaempferol 8.91 ± 0.4
5.35 ± 0.59
[27,30]
Kaempferol-3-glucoside 0.68 ± 1.2 [27]
Quercetin 1.19 ± 0.03
0.2
[29,30]
Quercetin-3-glucoside 0.36 ± 0.48 [27]
Quercetin-3-glucuronide 3.11 ± 1.54
Flavan-3-ols Catechin 1.44 ± 0.09 [27]
Epicatechin 2.02 ± 1.17
Epicatechin gallate 0.29 ± 0.30
Orange
(Citrus × sinensis)
Flavonols Isorhamnetin 0.87 ± 0.08 [30]
Kaempferol 0.51 ± 0.05
Quercetin 0.17 ± 0.02
Flavones Luteolin 0.45 ± 0.04 [30]
6,8-di-C-Glu-Apigenin 4.15–8 [31]
Flavanones Hesperetin 31 ± 2 3.51–55.2 [29,31]
Naringenin 11 ± 2 [29]
Cranberry
(Vaccinium spp.)
Flavonols Myricetin 23 [29]
Quercetin 16
Grapefruit
(Citrus × paradisi)
Flavonols Kaempferol 0.4 ± 0.1 [29]
Quercetin 0.5 ± 0.1 0.19 [29,31]
Flavanones Hesperetin 1.5 ± 0.3 0.25–1.79 [29,31]
Naringenin 53 ± 6 0.98–8
Narirutin 2.5–17 [31]
Lemon
(Citrus limon)
Flavanones Hesperetin 17 3.84–41 [29,31]
Naringenin 0.5 [29]
Flavanones 6,8-di-C-Glu-Apigenin 1–1.45 [31]
6,8-di-C-Glu-Diosmetin 4.05–5.8
7-O-Rut-Luteolin 1.5–6.5
Apricot
(Prunus spp.)
Flavonols Kaempferol 0.38 ± 0.05
5.44 ± 0.12
[32,33]
Kaempherol-3-rutinoside 0.03 [28]
Myricetin 0.69 ± 0.07 [32]
Quercetin 4.31 ± 0.07 [33]
Quercetin-3-O-glucoside 7.57 ± 2.87 [32]
Quercetin 3-rutinoside 0.23 ± 0.01 [28]
Rutin 3.77 ± 0.05 0.16–0.26 [33,34]
Flavan-3-ols Catechin 3.14 [35]
Proanthocyanidins 3.04 ± 0.08 [28]
Flavones Apigenin 0.22 ± 0.01 [33]
Apigenin 7-O-glucoside 60.47 ± 1.08
Luteolin 0.68 ± 0.42 [32]
Luteolin 7-xyloside 4.60 ± 0.02 [33]
Anthocyanins Cyanidin 3-(4″-acetylrutinoside) 56.71 ± 1.13 [33]
Cyanidin 3-(6″-acetylglucoside) 11.34 ± 0.16
Cyanidin 3-O-galactoside 4.13 ± 0.05
Cyanidin 3-rutinoside 4.47 ± 0.09
Petunidin 3-galactoside 6.61 ± 0.05
Petunidin 3-rutinoside 2.80 ± 0.05