Table 3.
Flavonoids found in spices; FW—fresh weight; DW—dry weight.
| Source | Subclass | Major Compounds | Conc. mg/100 g FW | Conc. mg/100 g DW | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Celery (Apium graveolens) |
Flavones | Apigenin-7-O-glucoside | 156 ± 7 | [52] | |
| Luteolin-7-O-glucoside | 654 ± 8 | ||||
| Cumin (Cuminum cyminum) |
Flavones | Apigenin-7-O-glucoside | 146 ± 2 | [52] | |
| Luteolin-7-O-glucoside | 224 ± 7 | ||||
| Dill (Anethum graveolens) |
Flavonols | Isorhamnetin | 15–72 | [58] | |
| Kaempferol | 16–24 | ||||
| Quercetin | 48–110 | ||||
| Oregano (Origanum vulgare) | Flavones | Apigenin | 2–4 | [58] | |
| Apigenin-7-O-glucoside | 254 ± 1 | [52] | |||
| Luteolin | 0–3 | [58] | |||
| Luteolin-7-O-glucoside | 301 ± 1 | [52] | |||
| Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) |
Flavones | Apigenin-7-O-glucoside | 43 ± 1 | [52] | |
| Luteolin-7-O-glucoside | 211 ± 4 | ||||
| Cress (Lepidium sativum) |
Flavonols | Isorhamnetin | 1 | [58] | |
| Kaempferol | 13 | ||||
| Basil (Ocimum basilicum) |
Flavones | Apigenin-7-O-glucoside | 18 | [52] | |
| Luteolin-7-O-glucoside | 127 ± 1 | ||||
| Marjoram (Origanum majorana) |
Flavones | Apigenin-7-O-glucoside | 83 ± 3 | [52] | |
| Luteolin-7-O-glucoside | 461 ± 7 | ||||
| Chives (Allium schoenoprasum) |
Flavonols | Isorhamnetin | 5 | [58] | |
| Kaempferol | 12 | ||||
| Quercetin | 3 | ||||
| Parsley (Petroselinum crispum) |
Flavones | Apigenin | 0.44 ± 0.01 | [30] | |
| Apigenin-7-O-glucoside | 752 ± 17 | [52] | |||
| Luteolin | 1.42 ± 0.03 | [30] | |||
| Luteolin-7-O-glucoside | 125 ± 8 | [52] | |||
| Flavonols | Isorhamnetin | 1.12 ± 0.1 | [30] | ||
| Kaempferol | 1.85 ± 0.03 | ||||
| Myricetin | 151.03 ± 6.68 | [53] | |||
| Quercetin | 0–1 0.5 ± 0.01 71.33 ± 2.19 |
[30,53,58] | |||
| Rutin | 4.32 ± 0.23 | [53] | |||
| Flavan-3-ols | Epicatechin | 2.67 ± 0.11 | [53] | ||
| Thyme (Thymus vulgaris) |
Flavones | Apigenin | 5 | [58] | |
| Apigenin-7-O-glucoside | 16 | [52] | |||
| Luteolin | 51 | [58] | |||
| Luteolin-7-O-glucoside | 104 ± 2 | [52] | |||
| Lovage (Levisticum officinale) |
Flavonols | Kaempferol | 7 | [58] | |
| Quercetin | 170 | ||||
| Coriander (Coriandrum sativum) |
Flavonols | Quercetin | 5 | [58] | |
| Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) | Flavones | Apigenin-7-O-glucoside | 50 ± 1 | [52] | |
| Luteolin | 4 | [58] | |||
| Luteolin-7-O-glucoside | 71 ± 2 | [52] | |||
| Mint (Mentha var.) |
Flavones | Apigenin | 18–99 | [58] | |
| Luteolin | 11–41 | ||||
| Sage (Salvia officinalis) |
Flavones | Apigenin-7-O-glucoside | 53 ± 1 | [52] | |
| Luteolin-7-O-glucoside | 495 ± 1 | ||||
| Watercress (Nasturtium officinale) |
Flavonols | Kaempferol | 1 | [58] | |
| Quercetin | 4 | [58] | |||
| Cinnamon (Cinnamomum var.) |
Flavan-3-ols | Proanthocyanins | 8960 | [28] | |
| Tarragon (Artemisia dranunculus) | Flavonols | Isorhamnetin | 5 | [58] | |
| Kaempferol | 11 | ||||
| Quercetin | 10 | ||||
| Flavones | Luteolin | 1 |