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. 2022 Apr 30;23(9):5016. doi: 10.3390/ijms23095016

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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KMM001 did not decrease GDF11 mRNA levels. To determine the effect of KMM001 on the expression of GDF11, CRL-2061 cells were treated with 100 nM KMM001, and the MSTN and GDF11 mRNA sequences were amplified by RT−PCR. Electrophoretograms of the amplified products and their MSTN/GAPGH and GDF11/GAPGH ratios are shown in the graph. The MSTN/GAPDH ratio decreased to 0.03, indicating strong inhibition (p < 0.001). On the other hand, the GDF11/GAPDH ratio decreased to a level of 0.87 upon addition of KMM001. *** = p < 0.001 vs. no treatment.